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AOBPreview originally published online on October 21, 2008
Annals of Botany 2009 103(2):161-169; doi:10.1093/aob/mcn171
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© The Author 2008. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Annals of Botany Company. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

Morphological and physiological responses of rice seedlings to complete submergence (flash flooding)

Naoyoshi Kawano, Osamu Ito and Jun-Ichi Sakagami*

Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences, 1-1 Ohwashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8686, Japan

* For correspondence. E-mail Sakajun{at}affrc.go.jp

Received: 11 June 2008    Returned for revision: 8 July 2008    Accepted: 25 July 2008    Published electronically: 21 October 2008

Background and Aims: Reducing damage to rice seedlings caused by flash flooding will improve the productivity of rainfed lowland rice in West Africa. Accordingly, the morphological and physiological responses of different forms of rice to complete submergence were examined in field and pot experiments to identify primary causes of damage.

Methods: To characterize the physiological responses, seedlings from a wide genetic base including Oryza sativa, O. glaberrima and interspecific hybrids were compared using principle component analysis.

Key Results: Important factors linked to flash-flood tolerance included minimal shoot elongation underwater, increase in dry matter weight during submergence and post-submergence resistance to lodging. In particular, fast shoot elongation during submergence negatively affected plant growth after de-submergence. Also shoot-elongating cultivars showed a strong negative correlation between dry matter weight of the leaves that developed before submergence and leaves developing during submergence.

Conclusions: Enhancement of shoot elongation during submergence in water that is too deep to permit re-emergence by small seedlings represents a futile escape strategy that takes place at the expense of existing dry matter in circumstances where underwater photosynthetic carbon fixation is negligible. Consequently, it compromises survival or recovery growth once flood water levels recede and plants are re-exposed to the aerial environment. Tolerance is greater in cultivars where acceleration of elongation caused by submergence is minimal.

Key words: Africa, flash floods, Oryza glaberrima, rainfed lowland, rice, shoot elongation, stress tolerance, submergence


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