AOBPreview originally published online on February 5, 2009
Annals of Botany 2009 103(6):819-824; doi:10.1093/aob/mcp019
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BOTANICAL BRIEFING |
The role of NAD biosynthesis in plant development and stress responses
1 Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences (IMCB), The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
2 Biotechnology Sector, Environmental Research Laboratory, Central Research Institute of Electronic Power Industry (CRIEPI), 1646 Abiko, Chiba 270-1194, Japan
3 Iwate Biotechnology Research Center, Kitakami, Iwate 024-0003, Japan
* For correspondence. E-mail uchimiya{at}iam.u-tokyo.ac.jp
Received: 22 September 2008 Returned for revision: 16 October 2008 Accepted: 15 January 2009 Published electronically: 5 February 2009
Background: Pyridine nucleotides are essential for electron transport and serve as co-factors in multiple metabolic processes in all organisms. Each nucleotide has a particular role in metabolism. For instance, the NAD/NADP ratio is believed to be responsible for sustaining the functional status of plant cells. However, since enzymes involved in the synthesis and degradation of NAD and NADP have not been fully identified, the physiological functions of these co-enzymes in plant growth and development are largely unknown.
Scope: This Botanical Briefing covers progress in the developmental and stress-related roles of genes associated with NAD biosynthesis in plants. Special attention will be given to assessments of physiological impacts through the modulation of NAD and NADP biosynthesis.
Conclusions: The significance of NAD biosynthesis in plant development and NADP biosynthesis in plant stress tolerance is summarized in this Briefing. Further investigation of cells expressing a set of NAD biosynthetic genes would facilitate understanding of regulatory mechanisms by which plant cells maintain NAD homeostasis.
Key words: NAD biosynthesis, nicotinate/nicotinamide mononucleotide adenylyltransferase (NMNAT), chloroplastic NADP biosynthesis, NAD kinase 2 (NADK2)
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