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AOBPreview originally published online on June 7, 2009
Annals of Botany 2009 104(2):277-285; doi:10.1093/aob/mcp132
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© The Author 2009. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Annals of Botany Company. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

Ethylene insensitivity conferred by a mutated Arabidopsis ethylene receptor gene alters nodulation in transgenic Lotus japonicus

Dasharath Lohar2,{dagger}, Jiri Stiller1, Jason Kam1, Gary Stacey2 and Peter M. Gresshoff1,*

1 ARC Centre of Excellence for Integrative Legume Research, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072 Australia
2 National Center for Soybean Biotechnology, Department of Plant Microbiology and Pathology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA

* For correspondence. E-mail p.gresshoff{at}uq.edu.au

Received: 20 January 2009    Returned for revision: 10 March 2009    Accepted: 17 April 2009    Published electronically: 7 June 2009

Background and Aims: Transgenics are used to demonstrate a causal relationship between ethylene insensitivity of a seedling legume plant, the level of ethylene receptor gene expression, lateral root growth and Mesorhizobium loti-induced nodule initiation.

Methods: Lotus japonicus plants expressing the dominant etr1-1 allele of the Arabidopsis thaliana gene encoding a well-characterized mutated ethylene receptor were created by stable Agrobacterium tumefaciens transformation. Single insertion, homozygous lines were characterized for symbiotic properties.

Key Results: Transgenic plants were ethylene insensitive as judged by the lack of the ‘Triple Response’, and their continued ability to grow and nodulate in the presence of inhibitory concentrations of ACC (1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid; an ethylene precursor). Transgenic plants with high insensitivity to ACC had significantly fewer lateral roots and exhibited increased nodulation while showing no altered nitrate sensitivity or lack of systemic autoregulation. Whereas ACC-insensitive shoot growth and nodulation were observed in transformants, root growth was inhibited similarly to the wild type. Increased nodulation was caused by increased infection and a seven-fold increase in nodules developing between xylem poles. Bacteroid numbers per symbiosome increased about 1·7-fold in ethylene-insensitive plants.

Conclusions: The study further demonstrates multiple roles for ethylene in nodule initiation by influencing root cell infections and radial positioning, independent of autoregulation and nitrate inhibition of nodulation.

Key words: Ethylene insensitivity, Lotus japonicus, symbiosis, phytohormone, nodulation, signal transduction

{dagger} Present address: BASF BioSciences, Raleigh, NC, USA.


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