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AOBPreview originally published online on June 2, 2009
Annals of Botany 2009 104(4):785-788; doi:10.1093/aob/mcp139
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© The Author 2009. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Annals of Botany Company. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

Extra petals in the buttercup (Ranunculus repens) provide a quick method to estimate the age of meadows

John Warren*

Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion SY23 3AL, UK

* For correspondence. E-mail: jhw{at}aber.ac.uk

Received: 24 March 2009    Returned for revision: 23 April 2009    Accepted: 24 April 2009    Published electronically: 2 June 2009

Background and Aims: There is a widely used crude method to estimate the age of hedgerows (Hooper's rule) based on species' richness. The aim of this study was to try and establish a similar field method for estimating the age of grasslands based on the accumulation of macro-somatic mutations.

Methods: A countrywide survey was carried out by the British public to investigate the relationship between grassland age and the number of Ranunculus repens (creeping buttercup) plants with extra petals. In addition the relationship between grassland age and R. repens pollen viability was also investigated.

Key Results: Each plant with flowers with additional petals in a sample of 100 was found to equate to approx. 7 years. A higher significant correlation was observed between pollen viability and population age; however, this is not amenable to providing field estimates.

Conclusions: The age of British grasslands can be easily and reliably estimated in the field by counting the number flowers with additional petals in R. repens in meadows up to 200 years old. An attempt to estimate the heritability of extra petals suggests that the phenotype results from the slow accumulation of somatic mutations in a species that primarily reproduces vegetatively.

Key words: Conservation, meadow, Müller's ratchet, petal number, pollen viability, Ranunculus repens, buttercup, somatic mutation


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