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AOBPreview originally published online on July 27, 2009
Annals of Botany 2009 104(5):987-993; doi:10.1093/aob/mcp185
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© The Author 2009. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Annals of Botany Company. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

Costs of height gain in rainforest saplings: main-stem scaling, functional traits and strategy variation across 75 species

Robert M. Kooyman* and Mark Westoby

Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia

* For correspondence. E-mail rkooyman{at}bio.mq.edu.au

Received: 20 April 2009    Returned for revision: 2 June 2009    Accepted: 15 June 2009    Published electronically: 27 July 2009

Background and Aims: Height gain plays an important role in plant life-history strategies and species coexistence. Here main-stem costs of height gain of saplings across species within a rainforest community are compared.

Methods: Scaling relationships of height to diameter at the sapling stage were compared among 75 woody rainforest plant species in subtropical eastern Australia using standardized major axis regression. Main-stem costs of height gain were then related to other functional traits that reflect aspects of species ecological strategies.

Key Results: Slopes (β) for the height–diameter (H–D) scaling relationship were close to 1·3, in line with previous reports and with theory. Main-stem volume to achieve 5 m in height varied substantially between species, including between species within groups based on adult height and successional status. The variation was largely independent of other species traits, being uncorrelated with mature plant height (Hmax) and with leaf size, and weakly negatively correlated with wood density and seed size. The relationship between volume to reach 5 m and wood density was too weak to be regarded as a trade-off. Estimated main-stem dry mass to achieve 5 m height varied almost three-fold across species, with wood density and stem volume contributing roughly equally to the variation.

Conclusion: The wide range in economy of sapling height gain reported here is presumed to be associated with a trade-off between faster growth and higher mortality rates. It is suggested that wide diameters would have a stronger effect in preventing main-stem breakage in the short term, while high wood density would have a stronger effect in sustaining stem strength over time.

Key words: Allometry, community ecology, diameter, functional traits, height, saplings, stem volume, trait correlations, wood density


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