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Annals of Botany 37: 721-728, 1973
© 1973 Annals of Botany Company

RESEARCH-ARTICLE

Structural Changes in the Embryonic Axis of Theobroma cacao L., during Germination and Early Seedling Establishment

E. J. DUNCAN and A. W. TODD

Department of Biological Sciences, The University of the West Indies St. Augustine, Trinidad

Received: 20 October 1972   

The changes occurring in the axis of the developing seedling of Theobroma cacao L. were observed over a 96-h period. It was found that during the first 24-h period, greatest change had occurred in the hypocotyl; the epicotyl and the root meristem had apparently remained dormant. In the hypocotyl, vascularization which had begun in the mature embryo continued: starch grains had disappeared from the cells of the cortex and pith, the latter of which were seen to be binucleate. During the second 24-h period, greatest change was seen to have taken place in the root meristem, resulting in the production of a root which consisted of a central pith, a poly-arch stele, and cortical tissue. Between the root and the hypocotyl an apparently undifferentiated region was observed. This region was seen to have differentiated during the third 24-h period, leading to the production of a complete ring of xylem, external to which were groups of phloem, the former being separated from the latter by parenchymatous tissue. This region is interpreted as being transitional between root and shoot. During the fourth 24-h period, the adventitious and lateral root primordia initiated earlier, were seen to have differentiated to the extent that the disposition of their tissues was evident.


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