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Annals of Botany 61: 311-318, 1988
© 1988 Annals of Botany Company

RESEARCH-ARTICLE

Studies on Variability in White Clover: Growth Habits and Cyanogenic Glucosides

JOANNA FRASER and JERZY NOWAK

Plant Science Department, Nova Scotia Agricultural College Truro, Nova Scotia, Canada B2N 5E3

Accepted: 23 October 1987   

Growth habits and cyanogenesis were studied in a field experiment with white clover (Trifolium repens L.) cv. Huia. Eighty control plants propagated by seeds, and 80 clones of an in vivo selected variant were examined in mid-late August and late September. The temperature effect on cyanogenic glucoside levels was also examined on in vitro grown plantlets of the variant in growth chambers.

Results showed that the upright growth habit dominated in control plants. The population of the variant plants was mainly composed of prostrate clones and a transition from prostrate to upright growth habit occurred. Considerable variation was observed with regard to all measured morphological characters in both control and variant plants. Great variation was also noted in cyanogenic glucoside content in the leaf laminae of the control plants. Low cyanogenic plants, on the other hand, dominated in the variant. The number of low and high cyanogenic plants increased in the control by the end of the growth season, after the first frosts. A one-way shift of cyanogenic (slight increase) was recorded in the variant. Similar levels of cyanogenic glucoside and linamarase were determined in the in vitro and field-grown plants. Cyanogenic glucoside content slightly decreased with the age of the in vitro plantlets, but variation in temperature did not cause any changes in their level. The response to the environmental changes, regarding cyanogenesis, appear to be genetically determined.

Trifolium repens, in vitro, somaclonal variation, cyanogenic glucosides


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