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Annals of Botany 73: 23-32, 1994
© 1994 Annals of Botany Company

Effects of Cross-pollination and Flower Removal on Fruit Set in Macadamia

S. J. Trueman and C. G.N. Turnbull

Department of Botany, University of Queensland, 4072, and CSIRO Division of Horticulture, 306 Carmody Road, St Lucia, Queensland, 4067, Australia

Macadamia racemes were cross-pollinated and had flowers removed to determine whether manipulation of initial fruit set would affect final fruit set or yield. Examination of flowers collected 7 d after pollination indicated that the cross-pollination treatment generally induced a small (13-19%) but significant increase in the number of pollen grains per stigma. All flowers possessed some pollen grains, but in all cases cross-pollination approximately doubled the percentage of flowers with a pollen tube at the base of the style (42-68% of flowers on cross-pollinated racemes compared with 21-35% of flowers on control racemes). Fruit set after 14 d was always improved by cross-pollination, and this translated into increased final fruit numbers on two out of four occasions. In these two cases, kernel weights were increased by 24 and 31% in the cross-pollinated treatments. This indicates a possible xenic (paternal parent) effect in macadamia. Flower removal resulted in retention of a greater percentage of flowers as fruits, so that only severe reductions in flower number decreased final fruit numbers. Improved efficiency of cross-pollination in macadamia may increase both nut numbers and nut size.Copyright 1994, 1999 Academic Press

Macadamia integrifolia Maiden and Betche, Macadamia tetraphylla L. A. S. Johnson, Proteaceae, macadamia, pollination, pollen tube growth, flower number, fruit drop, fruit set, xenia


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