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Annals of Botany 74: 587-594, 1994
© 1994 Annals of Botany Company

Structural Development and Respiratory Activity of the Funiculus During Bean Seed (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Maturation

Bruce T. Mawson, Anne K. Steghaus and Edward C. Yeung

Plant Physiology Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4

Changes in the structural organization of the funiculus of Phaseolus vulgaris were correlated with mitochondrial respiration rates, including both cytochrome and alternative pathway activities and seed weight during development of the seed. After fertilization, vascular elements are still differentiating within the funiculus. The central core of the funiculus consists mainly of procambial cells together with a few mature xylem and phloem elements. As the seed gradually matures, more vascular elements begin to appear. Procambial cells in the upper region of the funiculus adjacent to the pod differentiate and result in xylem and phloem appearing as a convoluted, intertwining network of strands. In the lower part of the funiculus adjacent to the seed, fewer vascular elements are present and they organize into a small bundle prior to entering the seed. The funiculus is fully developed at the cotyledon stage judging from the size of the funiculus and the organization of the vascular tissues. At the early maturation stage, the seed begins to enlarge in both size and weight. Correlated with development of the funiculus tissue is a gradual decrease in total rates of respiration. Inhibitor studies using potassium cyanide and/or salicylhydroxamic acid show that the CN-insensitive, or alternative pathway is the predominant route of electron transport in funiculus mitochondria during the early stages of development. This pathway declines in activity with age whereupon cytochrome pathway activity accounts for all of the respiration by the time vascular tissues are mature and the seed is rapidly expanding.Copyright 1994, 1999 Academic Press

Funiculus, vascular tissue, cytochrome, respiratory pathway, alternative respiratory pathway, Phaseolus vulgaris


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