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Annals of Botany 74: 619-625, 1994
© 1994 Annals of Botany Company

Rind Structure, Epicuticular Wax Morphology and Water Permeability of 'Fortune' Mandarin Fruits affected by Peel Pitting

Rosa Vercher, Francisco R. Tadeo, Vicente Almela, Salvador Zaragoza, Eduardo Primo-Millo and Manuel Agustí

Departament de Producció Vegetal, ETSIA-Universitat Politècnica de València, Camí de Vera s/n, E-46022 and Departament de Citricultura, Institut Valencià d'Investigacions Agràries, E-46113 Montcada, València, Spain

Rind structure and surface wax morphology of 'Fortune' mandarins affected by pre-harvest peel pitting were examined as related to the severity of this disorder. In fruits with slight symptoms of pitting (< 10% surface area pitted) a discrete number of epidermal cells were injured with signs of cellular breakdown. In fruits with moderate symptoms of pitting (10-50% surface area pitted) the injured zones also involved hypodermal cells. The surface of rind had an undulating appearance in fruits with severe symptoms of pitting (> 50% surface area pitted). The depressed areas in these fruits were devoid of crystalline wax structures and had a rough morphology. Broad regions of rind had crushed epidermal and hypodermal cells with infolded walls. These cells were either empty or filled with reduced cytoplasm amounts located in central positions of the cell. No signs of disruption in the cuticle were observed. Under field conditions, pitting occurrence coincided with higher permeability values of isolated cuticles. Furthermore, length of cold treatments required to show post-harvest pitting symptoms was shorter in fruits sampled at this stage than in those collected earlier or later. Our results indicate that the low temperatures induce the breakdown of the more external cellular strata of the rind. Thus, the physiological function of cuticle is highly impaired which, in turn, increases water permeability considerably.Copyright 1994, 1999 Academic Press

Chilling injury, Citrus, cold storage, pre-harvest pitting


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