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Annals of Botany 77: 203-213, 1996
© 1996 Annals of Botany Company

Differential Effects of Day and Night Temperature on Development to Flowering in Rice

XINYOU YIN, MARTIN J. KROPFF+ and JAN GOUDRIAAN

Agronomy, Plant Physiology and Agroecology Division, International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), P.O. Box 933, Manila, 1099, Philippines Department of Theoretical Production Ecology, Wageningen Agricultural University (TPE-WAU), P.O. Box 430, AK Wageningen, 6700, The Netherlands DLO-Research Institute for Agrobiology and Soil Fertility (AB-DLO), P.O. Box 14, AA Wageningen, 6700, The Netherlands

May 9, 1995 ; Septembe r29, 1995

There are conflicting reports with regard to difference in effects of day temperature (TD) and night temperatures (TN) on plant development. The objective of this study is to determine whether there are different effects ofTDandTNon development from sowing to flowering in rice (Oryza sativaL.).

Plants of 24 rice cultivars were grown in naturally-lighted growth chambers at five diurnally constant (22, 24, 26, 28 and 32 °C) and four diurnally fluctuating temperatures (26 /22, 30 /22, 22 /26 and 22 /30 °C forTD/TNwith 12hd-1each) with a constant photoperiod of 12hd-1. The treatments were selected to enable the separation of effects ofTDandTNon development rate (DR).

The response of DR to constant temperatures was typically nonlinear. This nonlinearity could not explain the difference in flowering dates between fluctuating temperatures with the same mean daily value but oppositeTD/TNdifferences. Differential effects ofTDandTNon DR to flowering were detected in all but one cultivar. In most cases,TDexerted a greater influence thanTN, in contrast with many previous reports based on the assumption of a linearity between DR and temperature. The data were further analysed by a nonlinear model which separated effects ofTDandTN. The estimated value for the optimumTNwas generally 25 –29 °C, about 2 –4 °C lower than the estimated optimumTDin most cultivars. The effects ofTDandTNon DR were found to be interactive in some cultivars. These results form a new basis for modelling flowering dates in rice.

Oryza sativa; rice; flowering; development; day and night temperature; thermoperiodicity


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