Annals of Botany 78: 489-497, 1996
© 1996 Annals of Botany Company
Elevated CO2and Temperature have Different Effects on Leaf Anatomy of Perennial Ryegrass in Spring and Summer
Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610, Wilrijk Faculty of Agricultural and Applied Biological Sciences, University of Ghent, Coupure Links 653, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
November 27, 1995 ; May 1, 1996
Mature second leaves of Lolium perenne L. cv. Vigor, were sampled in a spring and summer regrowth period. Effects of CO2enrichment and increased air temperature on stomatal density, stomatal index, guard cell length, epidermal cell density, epidermal cell length and mesophyll cell area were examined for different positions on the leaf and seasons of growth.
Leaf stomatal density was smaller in spring but greater in summer in elevated CO2and higher in both seasons in elevated temperature and in elevated CO2xtemperature relative to the respective controls. In spring, leaf stomatal index was reduced in elevated CO2but in summer it varied with position on the leaf. In elevated temperature, stomatal index in both seasons was lower at the tip/middle of the leaf but slightly higher at the base. In elevated CO2xtemperature, stomatal index varied with position on the leaf and between seasons. Leaf epidermal cell density was higher in all treatments relative to controls except in elevated CO2(spring) and elevated CO2xtemperature (summer), it was reduced at the leaf base. In all treatments, stomatal density and epidermal cell density declined from leaf tip to base, whilst guard cell length showed an inverse relationship, increasing towards the base. Leaf epidermal cell length and mesophyll cell area increased in elevated CO2in spring and decreased in summer. In elevated CO2xtemperature leaf epidermal cell length remained unaltered in spring compared to the control but decreased in summer. Stomatal conductance was lower in all treatments except in summer in elevated CO2it was higher than in the ambient CO2.
These contrasting responses in anatomy to elevated CO2and temperature provide information that might account for differences in seasonal leaf area development observed in L. perenne under the same conditions.
Lolium perenne ; perennial ryegrass; elevated CO2and temperature; stomatal density; stomatal index; cell size
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