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Annals of Botany 79: 153-160, 1997
© 1997 Annals of Botany Company

Leaf Characteristics and Net Gas Exchange of Diploid and Autotetraploid Citrus

R. ROMERO-ARANDA+, B. R. BONDADA, J. P. SYVERTSEN and J. W. GROSSER

Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, 700 Experiment Station Road, Lake Alfred, FL, 33850, USA

April 18, 1996 ; August 15, 1996

The effect of tetraploidy on leaf characteristics and net gas exchange was studied in diploid (2x ) and autotetraploid (4x ) ‘Valencia’ sweet orange (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osb.) and ‘Femminello’ lemon (Citrus limon (L.) Burm. f.) leaves. Comparisons between ploidy levels were made under high irradiance (I) in a growth chamber or low total I in a glasshouse. Tetraploids of both species had thicker leaves, larger mesophyll cell volume and lower light transmittance than diploids regardless of growth I. Mesophyll surface area per unit leaf area of 2x leaves was 5–15% greater than on 4x leaves. Leaf thickness and mesophyll cell volume were greater in high I leaves than low I leaves. In high I, average leaf area was similar for 2x and 4x leaves, whereas in low I it was 30% greater in 4x than in 2x leaves. Nitrogen and chlorophyll concentration per cell increased with ploidy level in both growth conditions. The ratio of chlorophyll a:b was 25% greater in 2x than in 4x leaves. When net CO2assimilation rate (ACO2) was based on leaf area, 4x orange leaves had 24–35% lower ACO2than their diploids. There were no significant differences in ACO2between 2x and 4x orange or lemon leaves when expressed on a per cell basis. Overall, lower ACO2per unit leaf area of tetraploids was related to increase in leaf thickness, larger mesophyll cell volume, the decrease in mesophyll area exposed to internal air spaces, and the lower ratio between cell surface to cell volume. Such changes probably increased the resistance to CO2diffusion to the site of carboyxlation in the chloroplasts.

Cell volume; chlorophyll; irradiance; leaf thickness; nitrogen; photosynthesis; ploidy; Citrus limon ; C. sinensis ; ‘Valencia’ sweet orange; ‘Femminello’ lemon


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