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Annals of Botany 79: 197-206, 1997
© 1997 Annals of Botany Company

Gas Exchange and Carbohydrate and Nitrogen Concentrations in Leaves of Pascopyrum smithii (C3) and Bouteloua gracilis (C4) at Different Carbon Dioxide Concentrations and Temperatures

J. J. READ, J. A. MORGAN+, N. J. CHATTERTON and P. A. HARRISON

CRC for Plant Science, Australian National University, GPO Box 475, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia USDA-ARS, Rangeland Resources Research Unit, Crops Research Laboratory, 1701 Center Ave., Fort Collins, CO, 80526-2083, USA USDA-ARS, Forage and Range Research Laboratory, Utah State University, Logan, UT, 84322-6300, USA

September 20, 1995 ; September 4, 1996

Pascopyrum smithii (C3) andBouteloua gracilis (C4) are important forage grasses native to the Colorado shortgrass steppe. This study investigated photosynthetic responses of these grasses to long-term CO2enrichment and temperature in relation to leaf nonstructural carbohydrate (TNC) and [N]. Glasshouse-grown seedlings were transferred to growth chambers and grown for 49 d at two CO2concentrations (380 and 750 µmol mol-1) at 20 and 35 °C, and two additional temperatures (25 and 30 °C) at 750 µmol mol-1CO2. Leaf CO2exchange rate (CER) was measured at a plant's respective growth temperature and at two CO2concentrations of approx. 380 and 700 µmol mol-1. Long-term CO2enrichment stimulated CER in both species, although the response was greater in the C3,P. smithii . Doubling the [CO2] from 380 to 750 µmol mol-1stimulated CER ofP. smithii slightly more in plants grown and measured at 30 °C compared to plants grown at 20, 25 or 35 °C. CO2-enriched plants sometimes exhibited lower CER when compared to ambient-grown controls measured at the same [CO2], indicating photosynthetic acclimation to CO2growth regime. InP. smithii , such reductions in CER were associated with increases in TNC and specific leaf mass, reductions in leaf [N] and, in one instance, a reduction in leaf conductance compared to controls. InB. gracilis , photosynthetic acclimation was observed more often, but significant changes in leaf metabolite levels from growth at different [CO2] were generally less evident. Temperatures considered optimal for growth (C3: 20 °C; C4: 35 °C) sometimes led to CO2-induced accumulations of TNC in both species, with starch accumulating in the leaves of both species, and fructans accumulating only inP. smithii. Photosynthesis of both species is likely to be enhanced in future CO2-enriched and warmer environments, although responses will sometimes be attenuated by acclimation.

Acclimation; blue grama (Bouteloua gracilis (H.B.K.) Lag ex Steud.); leaf nitrogen concentration; nonstructural carbohydrates; photosynthesis; western wheatgrass (Pascopyrum smithii (Rydb.) Love)


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D. R. LECAIN, J. A. MORGAN, A. R. MOSIER, and J. A. NELSON
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