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Annals of Botany 80: 759-766, 1997
© 1997 Annals of Botany Company

Crown Spread Patterns for Five Deciduous Broad-leaved Woody Species: Ecological Significance of the Retention Patterns of Larger Branches

AKIHIRO SUMIDA+, and AKIRA KOMIYAMA

Laboratory of Forest Ecology, Faculty of Agriculture, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-11, Japan

February 28, 1997 ; April 7, 1997 . August 18, 1997 .

Patterns of crown spread and branch retention of two shade-intolerant species (Betula platyphyllaandB. maximowicziana) were compared with three more tolerant species (Quercus mongolica,Acer sieboldianumandMagnolia obovata). Branching height (height of the lowest living branch) rose more rapidly with age for the twoBetulaspecies than for the shade tolerant species. Branching heights ofA. sieboldianumandM. obovatawere similar, irrespective of tree height and age, and larger trees tended to produce wider crowns than theBetulaspecies when trees of similar height were compared. In all species, the branch basal area (cross-sectional area of a branch at its base) and the leaf area per branch generally increased as the branch position on a stem became lower. Therefore, retaining larger branches contributed significantly to the support of a larger leaf area per tree. The number of larger branches (branch basal area >80 cm2) for bothBetulaspecies was significantly smaller than that of the shade tolerant species. The branch retention pattern ofBetulaspecies was probably a consequence of intolerance of the leaves to shade. The decline ofBetulaspecies with forest succession is likely to occur through their inability to retain branches with a large base area in closed forests.Copyright 1997 Annals of Botany Company

Shade tolerance; crown spread; branch retention; branch size; broad-leaved woody species; leaf area index per tree


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