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Annals of Botany 81: 173-183, 1998
© 1998 Annals of Botany Company
REVIEW |
Calcium Channels in the Plasma Membrane of Root Cells
Department of Cell Physiology, Horticulture Research International, Wellesbourne, Warwick, CV35 9EF, UK
July 11, 1996 ; September 18, 1997 . October 8, 1997 .
Calcium is an essential and major plant nutrient. It is required for structural, osmotic and signalling purposes. In this review the pathway and molecular mechanisms are described by which Ca2+enters the root and is delivered to the xylem. The characteristics of inwardly-directed Ca2+fluxes, Ca2+currents and Ca2+-permeable channels in the plasma membrane of root cells are compared. It is concluded that all root plasma membrane Ca2+channels characterized to date have a similar voltage-dependence (all are activated by membrane depolarization) but at least three distinct classes can be defined based on their differential sensitivities to La3+, Gd3+and verapamil. It is anticipated that further classes of Ca2+channels will be identified in the future, including stretch-activated (mechanosensitive) and second messenger-activated Ca2+channels. The roles of Ca2+channels in mineral nutrition, intracellular signalling and polarized growth are discussed.Copyright 1998 Annals of Botany Company
Calcium (Ca2+); channel; chilling; electrophysiology; endodermis; influx; root hair; plasma membrane.
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