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Annals of Botany 84: 183-193, 1999
© 1999 Annals of Botany Company

Branching Principles Governing the Architecture of Cornus kousa (Cornaceae)

HIROAKI HATTA, HISAO HONDA+ and JACK B. FISHER

Tsukuba Botanical Garden, National Science Museum, Amakubo 4-1, Tsukuba, 305-0005, Japan Hyogo University, Kakogawa, Hyogo, 675-0101, Japan Kanebo Institute for Cancer Research, Tomobuchicho 1-5-90, Miyakojimaku, Osaka, 534-0016, Japan Fairchild Tropical Garden, 11935 Old Cutler Road, Miami, Florida, 33156, USA Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, 33199, USA

January 27, 1999 ; March 10, 1999 . April 22, 1999

The complex structure of the crown of Cornus kousa, generally five-forked in vegetative branching and two-forked in reproductive branching, is analysed quantitatively and described by two basic branching principles: decussate phyllotaxy and the resetting rule for planes of branching. Most Cornus species have opposite, decussate phyllotaxis. The leaf pair (with axillary buds) defines the branching plane of a node. Because of regular phyllotaxis, the fundamental branching pattern is that every branching plane along an axis is perpendicular to the preceding one. However, the first node of a lateral horizontal shoot always has a horizontal branching plane; we term this the resetting rule. We observed that resetting occurs when the first nodes initiated in the vertical plane are repositioned by a twisting of their first internodes. All later nodes alternate directions, i.e. show usual decussate alternation. Foliage leaf nodes usually produce three-forked branchings. When vegetative winter buds are formed, a foliar node and adjacent scale leaf node produce a five-forked branching. When reproductive winter buds with a terminal inflorescence are formed, the last foliar node and two adjacent scale leaf nodes can produce a variety of branchings but usually produce an equal two-forked branching. To understand better the architecture in C. kousa, we contrast it with C. capitata which does not produce buds with scale leaves and whose vegetative nodes are clearly separated. Copyright 1999 Annals of Botany Company

Branching pattern, Cornaceae, Cornus kousa, decussate branching, dogwood, Japanese strawberry tree, tree architecture, tree geometry.


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