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Annals of Botany 85: 861-868, 2000
© 2000 Annals of Botany Company

Root System Architecture and Gravitropism in the Oil Palm

Christophe Jourdan+, Nicole Michaux-Ferrière and Gérald Perbal

Département des Cultures Pérennes, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (C.I.R.A.D.), TA 80/01, Avenue Agropolis, F-34398, Montpellier cédex 05, France Laboratoire d'Histo-Cytologie (BIOTROP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (C.I.R.A.D.), TA 40/03, Avenue Agropolis, F-34398, Montpellier cédex 05, France Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Laboratoire CEMV, 4 place Jussieu, F-75252, Paris cédex 05, France

Received: 4 November 1999 ; Returned for revision: 26 January 2000 . Accepted: 27 February 2000

The oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) has a root system consisting of primary (or order 1) roots, which are either orthogravitropic (R1 VD, with positive gravitropism) or diagravitropic (R1 H). Their statenchyma have very similar characteristics (mainly vacuolated, large cells). However, their statoliths sediment along the longitudinal wall in R1 H and along the distal wall in R1 VD (furthest cell wall from the apical meristem, opposite the proximal wall). Order 2 roots may have vertical upward (R2 VU) or downward growth (R2 VD) or even horizontal growth (R2 H). In all cases, the statoliths are located near the lower wall of the statocyte (distal in R2 VD, proximal in R2 VU and longitudinal in R2 H). Order 3 roots are usually agravitropic. When they grow upwards, R3 VU, their amyloplasts are located near the proximal wall. Likewise, the growth direction of R4 varies, but they have little or no statolith sedimentation. Roots with marked gravitropism (positive or negative) have amyloplasts that can sediment along different walls. But, irrespective of amyloplast position in the statocytes, the direction of root growth may be stable. The relation between the different reactions of roots and different sensitivity to auxin or to a curvature-halting signal is discussed. Copyright 2000 Annals of Botany Company

Elaeis guineensis Jacq., gravitropism, oil palm, root architecture, statoliths


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