Annals of Botany 86: 675-685, 2000
© 2000 Annals of Botany Company
Ecophysiology of Wetland Plant Roots: A Modelling Comparison of Aeration in Relation to Species Distribution
National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, P.O. Box 8602, Riccarton, Christchurch, New Zealand Wetland Biogeochemistry Institute, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA US Geological Survey-National Wetlands Research Center, Lafayette, LA 70506, USA
Received: 10 August 1999 ; Returned for revision: 8 December 1999 . Accepted: 24 March 2000
This study examined the potential for inter-specific differences in root aeration to determine wetland plant distribution in nature. We compared aeration in species that differ in the type of sediment and depth of water they colonize. Differences in root anatomy, structure and physiology were applied to aeration models that predicted the maximum possible aerobic lengths and development of anoxic zones in primary adventitious roots. Differences in anatomy and metabolism that provided higher axial fluxes of oxygen allowed deeper root growth in species that favour more reducing sediments and deeper water. Modelling identified factors that affected growth in anoxic soils through their effects on aeration. These included lateral root formation, which occurred at the expense of extension of the primary root because of the additional respiratory demand they imposed, reducing oxygen fluxes to the tip and stele, and the development of stelar anoxia. However, changes in sediment oxygen demand had little detectable effect on aeration in the primary roots due to their low wall permeability and high surface impedance, but appeared to reduce internal oxygen availability by accelerating loss from laterals. The development of pressurized convective gas flow in shoots and rhizomes was also found to be important in assisting root aeration, as it maintained higher basal oxygen concentrations at the rhizome–root junctions in species growing into deep water. Copyright 2000 Annals of Botany Company
Aeration, diffusion, ecophysiology, flooding, model, oxygen, respiration, root, wetland
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