Annals of Botany 87: 191-208, 2001
© 2001 Annals of Botany Company
The Bryophyta (Mosses): Systematic and Evolutionary Inferences from an rps4 Gene (cpDNA) Phylogeny
Department of Botany, Duke University, Box 90339, Durham, NC, 27708-0339, USA Department of Botany, School of Plant Sciences, The University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, RG6 6AS, UK
Received: 31 May 2000 ; Returned for revision: 12 September 2000 . Accepted: 3 October 2000
Phylogenetic analyses of nucleotide and amino acid sequences of the chloroplast protein coding generps4 were performed for 225 species of mosses, representing 84% of families recognized by Vitt (1984. In: Schuster RM, ed. New manual of bryology, vol 2. Nichinan: Hattori Botanical Laboratory), under the criterion of maximum parsimony with Takakia and Sphagnum as outgroups. Most parsimonious topologies converge to a scenario wherein the Andreaeidae are monophyletic and sister to the Bryidae (peristomate mosses), the Nematodonteae and the Buxbaumiaceae form a monophyletic lineage, the Diphysciaceae are sister to the Arthrodonteae and, within the latter, the Funarineae-Encalyptineae-Timmiaceae-Haplolepideae compose a monophyletic clade sister to remaining diplolepideous mosses. This hypothesis suggests that early in the evolution of the Arthrodonteae, two major lineages diverged, with opposite and alternate peristomes, respectively. Bootstrap support for the deep dichotomies is poor or lacking but increases when protein translations ofrps 4 sequences are included in the analysis. Several novel systematic hypotheses are raised, including (a) a diplolepideous rather than haplolepideous origin of the Pleurophascaceae; (b) an affinity of the Catascopiaceae with the Funariineae rather than the Bryineae; and (c) a close relationship of the Calomniaceae and Mitteniaceae to the Rhizgoniaceae. The advantages and disadvantages of a single gene phylogeny are discussed with respect to the identification of polyphyletic familial or suprafamilial taxa. Copyright 2001 Annals of Botany Company
Bryophyta, mosses, phylogeny, rps4, evolution, peristome, parsimony, sequences
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