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Annals of Botany 89: 241-244, 2002
© 2002 Annals of Botany Company

Aluminium Toxicity in Rye (Secale cereale): Root Growth and Dynamics of Cytoplasmic Ca2+ in Intact Root Tips

QIFU MA1, ZDENKO RENGEL*,2 and JOHN KUO2

1Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley WA 6009, Australia and 2Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley WA 6009, Australia

* For correspondence. Fax 61 8 9380 1050, e-mail zrengel{at}agric.uwa.edu.au

Received: 14 June 2001; Returned for revision: 22 July 2001; Accepted: 1 October 2001.

ABSTRACT

Aluminium (Al) toxicity in rye (Secale cereale L.), an Al-resistant crop, was examined by measuring root elongation and cytoplasmic free activity of calcium ([Ca2+]cyt) in intact root apical cells. Measurement of [Ca2+]cyt was achieved by loading a Ca2+-sensitive fluorescent probe, Fluo-3/AM ester, into root apical cells followed by detection of intracellular fluorescence using a confocal laser scanning microscope. After 20 min of exposure to 50 µM Al (pH 4·2) a slight increase in [Ca2+]cyt of root apical cells was observed, while the response of [Ca2+]cyt to 100 µM Al (pH 4·2) was faster and larger ([Ca2+]cyt increased by 46 % in 10 min). Increases in [Ca2+]cyt were correlated with inhibition of root growth, generally measurable after 2 h. Addition of 400 µM malic acid (pH 4·2) largely ameliorated the effect of 100 µM Al on [Ca2+]cyt in root apical cells and protected root growth from Al toxicity. These results suggest that an increase in [Ca2+]cyt in root apical cells in rye is an early effect of Al toxicity and is followed by the secondary effect on root elongation.

Key words: Aluminium toxicity, Secale cereale L., rye, cytoplasmic Ca2+, root growth.


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