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Annals of Botany 89: 645-648, 2002
© 2002 Annals of Botany Company

Effect of Medium Salt Concentration on Differentiation and Maturation of Somatic Embryos of Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz)

J. GROLL1,2, D. J. MYCOCK*,1 and V. M. GRAY2

1School of Animal, Plant and Environmental Sciences, Private Bag 3, University of the Witwatersrand, PO 2050, Johannesburg, South Africa and 2School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Private Bag 3, University of the Witwatersrand, PO 2050, Johannesburg, South Africa

* For correspondence. E-mail dave{at}gecko.biol.wits.ac.za

Received: 19 April 2001; Returned for revision: 9 January 2002; Accepted: 27 January 2002.

ABSTRACT

Culture of cassava somatic embryos on media with an altered macro- and micro-nutrient salt concentration affected embryo development and germination capability. In the tests, quarter-, half-, full- or double-strength Murashige and Skoog (MS) media were compared. The maximum number of somatic embryos differentiated from a proliferative nodular embryogenic callus (NEC) on either half- or full-strength MS medium, and the greatest numbers of cotyledonary stage embryos were formed on full-strength MS medium. Developed somatic embryos were then desiccated above a saturated K2SO4 solution for 10 d. After transfer to germination medium, embryos that had developed on half- and full-strength MS medium yielded 8·3 and 8·6 germinants g–1 NEC tissue, respectively. For this important but often disregarded culture factor, either half- or full-strength MS medium is recommended for both the differentiation and development of cassava somatic embryos that are capable of germination.

Key words: Cassava, Manihot esculenta, secondary somatic embryogenesis, salt concentration, nodular embryogenic callus.


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