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Annals of Botany 89: 773-782, 2002
© 2002 Annals of Botany Company

Developmental Stages and Fine Structure of Surface Callus Formed after Debarking of Living Lime Trees (Tilia sp.)

H. STOBBE1, U. SCHMITT*,2, D. ECKSTEIN2 and D. DUJESIEFKEN1

1Institute for Arboriculture, Brookkehre 60, 21029 Hamburg, Germany and 2Federal Research Centre for Forestry and Forest Products, Institute for Wood Biology and Wood Protection and University of Hamburg, Chair for Wood Biology, Leuschnerstraße 91, 21031 Hamburg, Germany

* For correspondence. Fax +49 40 428912835, e-mail uschmitt{at}holz.uni-hamburg.de

Received: 17 December 2001; Returned for revision: 5 February 2002; Accepted: 26 February 2002.

Wounding of trees by debarking during the vegetative period sometimes results in the formation of callus tissue which develops over the entire wound surface or on parts of it. This light and transmission electron microscopy study of living lime trees found that the formation of such a surface callus is subdivided into three stages. During the first stage, numerous cell divisions take place in regions where differentiating xylem remains at the wound surface after debarking. This young callus tissue consists of isodiametric parenchymatous cells. Cambium cells, sometimes also remaining at the wound surface, collapse and do not contribute to callus formation. During the second stage, cells in the callus undergo differentiation by forming a wound periderm with phellem, phellogen and phelloderm. In the third stage, a cambial zone develops between the wound periderm and the xylem tissue laid down prior to wounding. This process is initiated by anticlinal and periclinal divisions of a few callus cells only. Later this process extends tangentially to form a continuous belt of wound cambium. Subsequently, this cambium produces both wound xylem and wound phloem and thus contributes to further thickening.

Key words: Debarking, wound reactions, cambium, surface callus, tissue differentiation, Tilia sp., light microscopy, electron microscopy.


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