Annals of Botany 91: 119-127, 2003
© 2003 Annals of Botany Company
Molecular and Cellular Adaptations of Maize to Flooding Stress
,11 Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois and 2 Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Turner Hall, 1102 S. Goodwin Ave, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
* For correspondence. Fax +1(217) 333 6064, e-mail msachs{at}uiuc.edu Present address: Monsanto Company, 700 Chesterfield Village Parkway N, Mail Zone AA3I, Chesterfield, MO 63017, USA.
Received: 6 August 2001; Returned for revision: 20 November 2001; Accepted: 16 January 2002
Anaerobic treatment dramatically alters the patterns of gene expression in maize (Zea mays L.) seedlings. During anaerobiosis there is an immediate repression of pre-existing protein synthesis, with the concurrent initiation of a selective synthesis of approx. 20 proteins. Among these anaerobic proteins are enzymes involved in glycolysis and related processes. However, inducible genes that have different functions were also found; these may function in other, perhaps more long-term, processes of adaptations to flooding, such as aerenchyma formation and root-tip death. In this article we review our recent work on maize responses to flooding stress, which has addressed two questions: how are these gene expression changes initiated and how do they lead to adaptation to flooding stress? Our results indicate that an early rise in cytosolic Ca2+, as well as a quick establishment of ionic homeostasis, may be essential for the induction of adaptive changes at the cellular as well as organismal level.
Key words: Review, maize (Zea mays L.), anoxia, signal transduction, calcium, ionic homeostasis, glutamate decarboxylase, aerenchyma, XET, root tip death, sucrose synthase, protease, flooding tolerance.
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