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Annals of Botany 91: 173-178, 2003
© 2003 Annals of Botany Company

Plant Haemoglobins, Nitric Oxide and Hypoxic Stress

CHRISTOS DORDAS1, JEAN RIVOAL1 and ROBERT D. HILL*,1

1 Department of Plant Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada R3T 2N2

* For correspondence. E-mail rob_hill{at}umanitoba.ca

Received: 12 September 2001; Returned for revision: 17 December 2001; Accepted: 21 December 2001

It is now known that there are several classes of haemoglobins in plants. A specialized class of haemoglobins, symbiotic haemoglobins, were discovered 62 years ago and are found only in nodules of plants capable of symbiotic nitrogen fixation. Plant haemoglobins, with properties distinct from symbiotic haemoglobins were discovered 18 years ago and are now believed to exist throughout the plant kingdom. They are expressed in different organs and tissues of both dicot and monocot plants. They are induced by hypoxic stress and by oversupply of certain nutrients. Most recently, truncated haemoglobins have been shown to also exist in plants. While hypoxic stress-induced haemoglobins are widespread in the plant kingdom, their function has not been elucidated. This review discusses the recent findings regarding the function of these haemoglobins in relation to adaptation to hypoxia in plants. We propose that nitric oxide is an important metabolite in hypoxic plant cells and that at least one of the functions of hypoxic stress-induced haemoglobins is to modulate nitric oxide levels in the cell.

Key words: Review, haemoglobins, nonsymbiotic haemoglobins, flooding tolerance, nitric oxide, hypoxic stress.


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