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AOBPreview originally published online on December 12, 2003
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Annals of Botany 93: 119-125, 2004
© 2004 Annals of Botany Company

Relationships Between Seed Germinability of Spergularia marina (Caryophyllaceae) and the Formation of Zonal Communities in an Inland Salt Marsh

CHRISTY T. CARTER*,1 and IRWIN A. UNGAR1

1 Department of Environmental and Plant Biology, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA

* For correspondence: US Salinity Laboratory, 450 W. Big Springs Road, Riverside, CA, 92507, USA. Fax (909) 342-4963, e-mail ccarter{at}ussl.ars.usda.gov

Received: 13 June 2003; Returned for revision: 3 September 2003; Accepted: 3 October 2003:    Published electronically: 12 December 2003

• Background and Aims The formation of zonal communities may be attributed to differences in germination across the community and to timing of germination of seeds present in the seed bank. Our goals were two-fold: (1) to assess the annual germination pattern of Spergularia marina; and (2) to determine whether germination of S. marina differed across zonal communities.

• Methods Fresh seeds were buried in an experimental garden in polyester bags. Bags were harvested monthly for 1 year and exposed to differing 12 h/12 h temperature regimes (5/15 °C, 5/25 °C, 15/25 °C and 20/35 °C) with a 12 h dark/12 h light photoperiod. Replicate seeds were exposed to 24 h dark. Seeds were also placed in different zonal communities to assess germinability in the field.

• Key Results Spergularia marina has a primary physiological dormancy. Conditional dormancy occurs from December to May and non-dormancy from June to November. Field germination initiates in the spring when temperatures are cool and salinity is low due to flooding, and ceases in the summer when temperatures exceed germination requirements. Spergularia marina has a light requirement for germination.

• Conclusions If seeds become buried in the field or are light inhibited by Phragmites australis, they will remain dormant until they receive an adequate amount of light for germination. Since S. marina can germinate across all zones in a salt-marsh community, the formation of zonal communities is not determined at the germination stage, but at some later stage of development.

Key words: Caryophyllaceae, halophyte, plant zonation, salt marsh, seed banks, seed dormancy, seed germination, Spergularia marina.


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