AOBPreview originally published online on August 3, 2004
Annals of Botany 2004 94(3):323-332; doi:10.1093/aob/mch156
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Annals of Botany 94/3, © Annals of Botany Company 2004; all rights reserved
BOTANICAL BRIEFING |
Genetic Responses to Phosphorus Deficiency
1 Warwick HRI, Wellesbourne, Warwick CV35 9EF and 2 Plant Sciences Division, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough LE12 5RD, UK
* For correspondence. E-mail john.hammond{at}warwick.ac.uk
Received: 15 March 2004 Returned for revision: 21 April 2004 Accepted: 15 May 2004 Published electronically: 3 August 2004
ABSTRACT
• Background Phosphorus (P) is an essential macronutrient for plants. Plants take up P as phosphate (Pi) from the soil solution. Since little Pi is available in most soils, P fertilizers are applied to crops. However, the use of P fertilizers is unsustainable and may cause pollution. Consequently, there is a need to develop more P-use-efficient (PUE) crops and precise methods to monitor crop P-status.
• Scope Manipulating the expression of genes to improve the PUE of crops could reduce their P fertilizer requirement. This has stimulated research towards the identification of genes and signalling cascades involved in plant responses to P deficiency. Genes that respond to P deficiency can be grouped into ‘early’ genes that respond rapidly and often non-specifically to P deficiency, or ‘late’ genes that impact on the morphology, physiology or metabolism of plants upon prolonged P deficiency.
• Summary The use of micro-array technology has allowed researchers to catalogue the genetic responses of plants to P deficiency. Genes whose expression is altered by P deficiency include various transcription factors, which are thought to coordinate plant responses to P deficiency, and other genes involved in P acquisition and tissue P economy. Several common cis-regulatory elements have been identified in the promoters of these genes, suggesting that their expression might be coordinated. It is suggested that knowledge of the genes whose expression changes in response to P deficiency might allow the development of crops with improved PUE, and could be used in diagnostic techniques to monitor P deficiency in crops either directly using ‘smart’ indicator plants or indirectly through transcript profiling. The development of crops with improved PUE and the adoption of diagnostic technology could reduce production costs, minimize the use of a non-renewable resource, reduce pollution and enhance biodiversity.
Key words: Arabidopsis thaliana, phosphate, phosphorus, micro-arrays, roots, cis-regulatory elements, gene expression
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