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AOBPreview originally published online on July 26, 2004
Annals of Botany 2004 94(3):413-418; doi:10.1093/aob/mch158
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Annals of Botany 94/3, © Annals of Botany Company 2004; all rights reserved

Relationships among Vernalization, Shoot Apex Development and Frost Tolerance in Wheat

ILJA TOM PRÁSIL*, PAVLA PRÁSILOVÁ and KATERINA PÁNKOVÁ

1 Research Institute of Crop Production, Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Drnovská 507, 161 06 Praha, Czech Republic

* For correspondence. E-mail Prasil{at}vurv.cz

Received: 29 January 2004    Returned for revision: 25 March 2004    Accepted: 25 May 2004    Published electronically: 26 July 2004

• Background and Aims Frost tolerance of wheat depends primarily upon a strong vernalization requirement, delaying the transition to the reproductive phase. The aim of the present study was to learn how saturation of the vernalization requirement and apical development stage are related to frost tolerance in wheat.

• Methods ‘Mironovskaya 808’, a winter variety with a long vernalization requirement, and ‘Leguan’, a spring variety without a vernalization requirement, were acclimated at 2 °C at different stages of development. Plant development (morphological stage of the shoot apex), vernalization requirement (days to heading) and frost tolerance (survival of the plants exposed to freezing conditions) were evaluated.

• Key Results ‘Mironovskaya 808’ increased its frost tolerance more rapidly; it reached a higher level of tolerance and after a longer duration of acclimation at 2 °C than was found in ‘Leguan’. The frost tolerance of ‘Mironovskaya 808’ decreased and its ability to re-acclimate a high tolerance was lost after saturation of its vernalization requirement, but before its shoot apex had reached the double-ridge stage. The frost tolerance of ‘Leguan’ decreased after the plants had reached the floret initiation stage.

• Conclusions The results support the hypothesis that genes for vernalization requirement act as a master switch regulating the duration of low temperature induced frost tolerance. In winter wheat, due to a longer vegetative phase, frost tolerance is maintained for a longer time and at a higher level than in spring wheat. After the saturation of vernalization requirement, winter wheat (as in spring wheat) established only a low level of frost tolerance.

Key words: Triticum aestivum, wheat, frost tolerance, vernalization, cold acclimation, apical development


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