AOBPreview originally published online on January 17, 2005
Annals of Botany 2005 95(4):695-701; doi:10.1093/aob/mci071
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Annals of Botany 95/4 © Annals of Botany Company 2005; all rights reserved
Grain Growth and Endosperm Cell Size Under High Night Temperatures in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)
1 Department of Lowland Farming Research, National Agricultural Research Center for Kyushu Okinawa Region, Chikugo, Fukuoka 833-0041, Japan, 2 Department of Animal Production and Grasslands Farming, National Agricultural Research Center for Tohoku Region, Morioka, Iwate 020-0198, Japan and 3 Research Planning and Coordination Division, National Agricultural Research Center for Western Region, Fukuyama 721-8514, Japan.
* For correspondence. E-mail moritas{at}affrc.go.jp
Received: 22 July 2004 Returned for revision: 20 September 2004 Accepted: 29 November 2004 Published electronically: 17 January 2005
• Background and Aims High night temperatures are more harmful to grain weight in rice than high day temperatures. Grain growth rate and growth duration were investigated to determine which was the cause of the decrease in final grain weight under high night temperatures. Endosperm cell number and cell sizes were also examined to determine which might cause the decrease in final grain weight.
• Methods Rice plants were grown outdoors in plastic pots and moved at heading time to three temperature-controlled glasshouses under high night temperature (HNT; 22/34 °C), high day temperature (HDT; 34/22 °C) and control conditions (CONT; 22/22 °C). Grains were sampled periodically, and the time-course of grain growth was divided into rate and duration by logistic regression analysis. Endosperm cell numbers and cell sizes were analysed by digitalized hand-tracing images of endosperm cross-sections.
• Key Results The duration of grain growth was reduced by high temperature both day and night. However, the rate of grain growth was lower in HNT than in HDT. The number of cells in endosperm cross-sections in HNT was similar to that in HDT, and higher than that in CONT. The average cell area was smaller in HNT than in either CONT or HDT. The differences in average cell areas between HNT and HDT were greater at distances 60–80 % from the central point of endosperm towards the endosperm surface.
• Conclusions The results show that HNT compared with HDT reduced the final grain weight by a reduction in grain growth rate in the early or middle stages of grain filling, and also reduced cell size midway between the central point and the surface of endosperm.
Key words: Cell size, cell number, digitalized image analysis, endosperm, grain growth duration, grain growth rate, grain weight, high night temperature, logistic regression, Oryza sativa L., rice, vascular bundle
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