AOBPreview originally published online on February 23, 2006
Annals of Botany 2006 97(5):731-738; doi:10.1093/aob/mcl037
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Moderate Increase of Mean Daily Temperature Adversely Affects Fruit Set of Lycopersicon esculentum by Disrupting Specific Physiological Processes in Male Reproductive Development
1 Faculty of Horticulture, Chiba University, 648 Matsudo, Matsudo City, Chiba 271-8510, Japan and 2 Department of Agriculture, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
* For correspondence. E-mail s.sato{at}faculty.chiba-u.jp
Received: 24 October 2005 Returned for revision: 6 December 2005 Accepted: 15 January 2006 Published electronically: 23 February 2006
• Background and Aims Global warming is gaining significance as a threat to natural and managed ecosystems since temperature is one of the major environmental factors affecting plant productivity. Hence, the effects of moderate temperature increase on the growth and development of the tomato plant (Lycopersicon esculentum) were investigated.
• Methods Plants were grown at 32/26 °C as a moderately elevated temperature stress (METS) treatment or at 28/22 °C (day/night temperatures) as a control with natural light conditions. Vegetative growth and reproductive development as well as sugar content and metabolism, proline content and translocation in the androecium were investigated.
• Key Results METS did not cause a significant change in biomass, the number of flowers, or the number of pollen grains produced, but there was a significant decrease in the number of fruit set, pollen viability and the number of pollen grains released. Glucose and fructose contents in the androecium (i.e. all stamens from one flower) were generally higher in the control than METS, but sucrose was higher in METS. Coincidently, the mRNA transcript abundance of acid invertase in the androecium was decreased by METS. Proline contents in the androecium were almost the same in the control and METS, while the mRNA transcript level of proline transporter 1, which expresses specifically at the surface of microspores, was significantly decreased by METS.
• Conclusions The research indicated that failure of tomato fruit set under a moderately increased temperature above optimal is due to the disruption of sugar metabolism and proline translocation during the narrow window of male reproductive development.
Key words: Lycopersicon esculentum, moderately elevated temperature stress, microsporogenesis, mean daily temperature, fruit set, pollen release, male reproductive development, tapetum, hexose, sucrose, acid invertase, proline transporter
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