AOBPreview originally published online on October 11, 2006
Annals of Botany 2006 98(5):995-1004; doi:10.1093/aob/mcl194
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Morphological and Physiological Responses of Rice (Oryza sativa) to Limited Phosphorus Supply in Aerated and Stagnant Solution Culture
1 Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
2 School of Environmental Science, Murdoch University Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
3 School of Plant Biology, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Western Australia 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
* For correspondence. E-mail nedins{at}hotmail.com
Received: 19 February 2006 Returned for revision: 13 April 2006 Accepted: 26 July 2006 Published electronically: 11 October 2006
• Background and Aims Rain-fed lowland rice commonly encounters stresses from fluctuating water regimes and nutrient deficiency. Roots have to acquire both oxygen and nutrients under adverse conditions while also acclimating to changes in soil-water regime. This study assessed responses of rice roots to low phosphorus supply in aerated and stagnant nutrient solution.
• Methods Rice (Oryza sativa ‘Amaroo’) was grown in aerated solution with high P (200 µM) for 14 d, then transferred to high or low (1·6 µM) P supply in aerated or stagnant solution for up to 8 d.
• Key Results After only 1 d in stagnant conditions, root radial oxygen loss (ROL) had decreased by 90 % in subapical zones, whereas near the tip ROL was maintained. After 4 d in stagnant conditions, maximum root length was 11 % less, and after 8 d, shoot growth was 25 % less, compared with plants in aerated solution. The plants in stagnant solution had up to 19 % more adventitious roots, 24 % greater root porosity and 26 % higher root/shoot ratio. Rice in low P supply had fewer tillers in both stagnant and aerated conditions. After 1–2 d in stagnant solution, relative P uptake declined, especially at low P supply. Aerated roots at low P supply maintained relative P uptake for 4 d, after which uptake decreased to the same levels as in stagnant solution.
• Conclusions Roots responded rapidly to oxygen deficiency with decreased ROL in subapical zones within 1–2 d, indicating induction of a barrier to ROL, and these changes in ROL occurred at least 2 d before any changes in root morphology, porosity or anatomy were evident. Relative P uptake also decreased under oxygen deficiency, showing that a sudden decline in root-zone oxygen adversely affects P nutrition of rice.
Key words: Aerenchyma, phosphorus deficiency, phosphorus uptake, radial oxygen loss, rain-fed lowland rice, respiration, root morphology, root porosity, stagnant solution
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