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AOBPreview originally published online on October 8, 2009
Annals of Botany 2009 104(7):1263-1280; doi:10.1093/aob/mcp251
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© The Author 2009. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Annals of Botany Company. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

INVITED REVIEW

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in alleviation of salt stress: a review

Heikham Evelin1, Rupam Kapoor1 and Bhoopander Giri2,*

1 Applied Mycology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Delhi, Delhi-110 007, India
2 Department of Botany, Swami Shraddhanand College, University of Delhi, Delhi-110 036, India

* For correspondence. E-mail bhoopg{at}yahoo.com

Received: 11 May 2009    Returned for revision: 27 July 2009    Accepted: 1 September 2009    Published electronically: 8 October 2009

Background: Salt stress has become a major threat to plant growth and productivity. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi colonize plant root systems and modulate plant growth in various ways.

Scope: This review addresses the significance of arbuscular mycorrhiza in alleviation of salt stress and their beneficial effects on plant growth and productivity. It also focuses on recent progress in unravelling biochemical, physiological and molecular mechanisms in mycorrhizal plants to alleviate salt stress.

Conclusions: The role of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in alleviating salt stress is well documented. This paper reviews the mechanisms arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi employ to enhance the salt tolerance of host plants such as enhanced nutrient acquisition (P, N, Mg and Ca), maintenance of the K+ : Na+ ratio, biochemical changes (accumulation of proline, betaines, polyamines, carbohydrates and antioxidants), physiological changes (photosynthetic efficiency, relative permeability, water status, abscissic acid accumulation, nodulation and nitrogen fixation), molecular changes (the expression of genes: PIP, Na+/H+ antiporters, Lsnced, Lslea and LsP5CS) and ultra-structural changes. Theis review identifies certain lesser explored areas such as molecular and ultra-structural changes where further research is needed for better understanding of symbiosis with reference to salt stress for optimum usage of this technology in the field on a large scale. This review paper gives useful benchmark information for the development and prioritization of future research programmes.

Key words: Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, salt stress, PIP, Na+/H+ antiporters, nutrient uptake, soil salinity


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