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Annals of Botany 79: 103-109, 1997
© 1997 Annals of Botany Company

The Close Relationship Between the A and B Genomes in Avena L. (Poaceae) Determined by Molecular Cytogenetic Analysis of Total Genomic, Tandemly and Dispersed Repetitive DNA Sequences

A. KATSIOTIS, M. HAGIDIMITRIOU and J. S. HESLOP-HARRISON+

Karyobiology Group, John Innes Centre, Colney Lane, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK

May 13, 1996 ; July 10, 1996

The genusAvena L. (Poaceae) consists of diploid, tetraploid, and hexaploid species, with the B genome known only in tetraploid species and the D genome in the hexaploid species. DNA:DNAin situ hybridization, using total genomic DNA from diploidAvena strigosa Schreb. (Asgenome) as a probe, labelled all 28 chromosomes of the AB tetraploidAvena vaviloviana (Malz.) Mordv. strongly and uniformly, revealing the close relationship between these two genomes. Comparison of patterns of size-separated DNA restriction fragments between the diploidA. strigosa and the tetraploidA. vaviloviana , using 32 different restriction enzymes, revealed no differences. Southern hybridization using total AB genomic DNA as a probe also gave no differences in banding patterns between the two genomes, even when a large excess of A genomic DNA was used as a block. From anA. vaviloviana genomic library, 1800 colonies were blotted and probed sequentially with A and AB genomic DNA, but no colony was identified to be B genome specific. DNA digests of AB genome tetraploids with restriction enzymeHae III gave a strong band at 4.2 kb. Clone pAbKB3, derived from the 4.2 kb band, was found to be part of aTy1-copia -like retrotransposon present in A and B genome chromosomes. Cloned rRNA genes were used forin situ hybridization and showed that diploidA. strigosa has four major sites for 18S-25S rDNA and two pairs of sites for 5S rDNA (pairs on the same satellited chromosome, on different chromosome arms), while 4xA. vaviloviana has eight major sites for 18S-25S rDNA and four pairs of sites for 5S rDNA (pairs on the same satellited chromosome, on different chromosome arms). A repetitive sequence from rye pSc119.2, showed dispersed hybridization, while the telomeric sequence in clone pLT11 hybridized to telomeres. Again no discrimination was possible between A and B genome chromosomes. The molecular similarities between the diploidA. strigosa and thebarbata group tetraploids clearly indicate that thebarbata group of tetraploids arose from Asdiploids through autotetraploidization.

Avena ; evolution; repetitive sequences; in situ hybridization; retrotransposons; genome organization


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