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Annals of Botany 82: 413-443, 1998
© 1998 Annals of Botany Company
Carpology, Seed Anatomy and Taxonomic Relationships ofTetracentron(Tetracentraceae) andTrochodendron(Trochodendraceae)
National Institute of Carpology (Gaertnerian Institution), PO Box 72, RUS-119517, Moscow, Russian Federation
October 10, 1997 ; March 4, 1998 . May 7, 1998 .
This study of the anatomy and morphology of fruits and seeds ofTrochodendron aralioidesSieb. & Zucc. andTetracentron sinenseOliv. has revealed significant new data in the understanding of their systematic and phylogenetic relationships. The correction of the seed coat type forTrochodendronas (endotestal-) exotegmic (instead of endotestal) and forTetracentronas exotegmic (instead of endotestal) documents a large morphogenetic gap between these putatively advanced types of seed coat and those of other Hamamelididae. Among primitive angiosperms, the combination of a few-layered testa with a markedly differentiated endotesta and a relatively multilayered tegmen with a sclerified tracheidal exotegmen occurs only in the seeds of the family Dilleniaceae (Dilleniales), which occupies a somewhat isolated position within the subclass Dilleniidae. The former features, as well as characteristics of node anatomy, anther dehiscence, pollen, floral and fruit morphology, suggest a close relationship between Trochodendrales and Dilleniales. The intermediate position of Trochodendrales between Magnoliidae and Hamamelididae is rejected, and Trochodendrales are taxonomically transferred from Hamamelididae to Dilleniidae in the rank of a distinct superorder: Trochodendranae. It is considered necessary to reform further the systematics of the artificial complex of the so-called ‘lower’ Hamamelididae and Dilleniidae. The suggested relationship betweenTrochodendronand fossil forms such asTrochodendroides, Nordenskiöldia, TrochodendrocarpusandTrochodendrospermumis also found untenable in light of the carpological survey of modern forms presented here.Copyright 1998 Annals of Botany Company
Trochodendron aralioidesSieb. & Zucc.,Tetracentron sinenseOliv., carpology, pericarp anatomy, seed anatomy, systematics, phylogenetic relationships, palaeobotany, Trochodendraceae, Tetracentraceae, Dilleniaceae, Hamamelidaceae, Altingiaceae, Bucklandiaceae, Rhodoleiaceae, Platanaceae, Cercidiphyllaceae, Eupteleaceae, Trochodendrales, Dilleniales, Theales, Hamamelidales,Trochodendroides, Nordenskiöldia, Trochodendrocarpus, Trochodendrospermum, Trochodendroides, Zizyphoides.
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