Annals of Botany 82: 631-639, 1998
© 1998 Annals of Botany Company
Effect of High Temperature Stress at Anthesis on Grain Yield and Biomass of Field-grown Crops of Wheat
Plant Environment Laboratory, Department of Agriculture, The University of Reading, Cutbush Lane, Shinfield, Reading, RG2 9AD, UK Department of Horticulture and Landscape, The University of Reading, Plant Science Laboratories, Whiteknights, P.O. Box 221, Reading, RG6 6AS, UK
October 16, 1997 ; February 23, 1998 . July 3, 1998 .
Spring wheat (Triticum aestivumL., ‘Chablis’) was grown under field conditions from sowing until harvest maturity, except for a 12-d period [70–82 days after sowing (DAS) coinciding with anthesis] during which replicated crop areas were exposed to a range of temperatures within two pairs of polyethylene-covered temperature gradient tunnels. At 82 DAS, an increase in mean temperature from 16 to 25 °C during this treatment period had no effect on above-ground biomass, but increased ear dry weight from 223 to 327 g m-2and, at 83 DAS, reduced root biomass from 141 to 63 g m-2. Mean temperature over the treatment period had no effect on either above-ground biomass or grain yield at maturity. However, the number of grains per ear at maturity declined with increasing maximum temperature recorded over the mid-anthesis period (76–79 DAS) and, more significantly, with maximum temperature 1 d after 50% anthesis (78 DAS). Grain yield and harvest index also declined sharply with maximum temperature at 78 DAS. Grain yield declined by 350 g m-2at harvest maturity with a 10 °C increase in maximum temperature at 78 DAS and was related to a 40% reduction in the number of grains per ear. Grain yield was also negatively related to thermal time accumulated above a base temperature of 31 °C (over 8 d of the treatment from 5 d before to 2 d after 50% anthesis). Thus, grain fertilization and grain set was most sensitive to the maximum temperature at mid-anthesis. These results confirm that wheat yields would be reduced considerably if, as modellers suggest, high temperature extremes become more frequent as a result of increased variability in temperature associated with climate change.Copyright 1998 Annals of Botany Company
Triticum aestivum, spring wheat, temperature, grain number, grain yield, root growth.
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