1 Department of Biological Sciences and Genetics Program, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
Estimates of the size and copy number of the retrotransposons in a 240 kb region flanking the adhl gene of maize suggest that 33–62% of the maize genome is composed of the high copy-number retrotransposons found in this region. An additional 16% of the maize genome is estimated to be composed of middle and low copy-number retrotransposons. The sorghum genome, which is more than three-fold smaller than the maize genome, does not have any detected copies of the maize retrotransposons in a region orthologous to that of maize adhl. Thus, it appears that retrotransposons have increased the size of the maize genome two- to five-fold since the divergence of maize and sorghum from a common ancestor about 16 million years ago.
Genome size, maize, sorghum, repetitive DNA, retrotransposon, rice
Submitted on November 4, 1997
© 1998 Annals of Botany Company
Evidence that a Recent Increase in Maize Genome Size was Caused by the Massive Amplification of Intergene Retrotransposons
Revised on March 17, 1998
Accepted on June 2, 1998
CiteULike 
Connotea 
Del.icio.us What's this?
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  C. E. Grover, Y. Yu, R. A. Wing, A. H. Paterson, and J. F. Wendel A Phylogenetic Analysis of Indel Dynamics in the Cotton Genus Mol. Biol. Evol., July 1, 2008; 25(7): 1415 - 1428. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 D. A. Ray, C. Feschotte, H. J.T. Pagan, J. D. Smith, E. J. Pritham, P. Arensburger, P. W. Atkinson, and N. L. Craig Multiple waves of recent DNA transposon activity in the bat, Myotis lucifugus Genome Res., May 1, 2008; 18(5): 717 - 728. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. Tomita, K. Shinohara, and M. Morimoto Revolver is a New Class of Transposon-like Gene Composing the Triticeae Genome DNA Res, February 1, 2008; 15(1): 49 - 62. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 P. Smarda, P. Bures, L. Horova, B. Foggi, and G. Rossi Genome Size and GC Content Evolution of Festuca: Ancestral Expansion and Subsequent Reduction Ann. Bot., February 1, 2008; 101(3): 421 - 433. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 H. K. Dooner and L. He Maize Genome Structure Variation: Interplay between Retrotransposon Polymorphisms and Genic Recombination PLANT CELL, February 1, 2008; 20(2): 249 - 258. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. Liu, C. Vitte, J. Ma, A. A. Mahama, T. Dhliwayo, M. Lee, and J. L. Bennetzen A GeneTrek analysis of the maize genome PNAS, July 10, 2007; 104(28): 11844 - 11849. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. A. Ray, H. J. T. Pagan, M. L. Thompson, and R. D. Stevens Bats with hATs: Evidence for Recent DNA Transposon Activity in Genus Myotis Mol. Biol. Evol., March 1, 2007; 24(3): 632 - 639. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y. Nakamura, T. Itoh, and W. Martin Rate and Polarity of Gene Fusion and Fission in Oryza sativa and Arabidopsis thaliana Mol. Biol. Evol., January 1, 2007; 24(1): 110 - 121. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. A. Schlueter, I. F. Vasylenko-Sanders, S. Deshpande, J. Yi, M. Siegfried, B. A. Roe, S. D. Schlueter, B. E. Scheffler, and R. C. Shoemaker The FAD2 Gene Family of Soybean:: Insights into the Structural and Functional Divergence of a Paleopolyploid Genome Crop Sci., January 1, 2007; 47(Supplement_1): S-14 - S-26. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Q. Wang and H. K. Dooner Eukaryotic Transposable Elements and Genome Evolution Special Feature: Remarkable variation in maize genome structure inferred from haplotype diversity at the bz locus PNAS, November 21, 2006; 103(47): 17644 - 17649. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. Vitte and J. L. Bennetzen Eukaryotic Transposable Elements and Genome Evolution Special Feature: Analysis of retrotransposon structural diversity uncovers properties and propensities in angiosperm genome evolution PNAS, November 21, 2006; 103(47): 17638 - 17643. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. S. Hawkins, H. Kim, J. D. Nason, R. A. Wing, and J. F. Wendel Differential lineage-specific amplification of transposable elements is responsible for genome size variation in Gossypium Genome Res., October 1, 2006; 16(10): 1252 - 1261. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. A. Schlueter, B. E. Scheffler, S. D. Schlueter, and R. C. Shoemaker Sequence Conservation of Homeologous Bacterial Artificial Chromosomes and Transcription of Homeologous Genes in Soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) Genetics, October 1, 2006; 174(2): 1017 - 1028. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. Timms, R. Jimenez, M. Chase, D. Lavelle, L. McHale, A. Kozik, Z. Lai, A. Heesacker, S. Knapp, L. Rieseberg, et al. Analyses of Synteny Between Arabidopsis thaliana and Species in the Asteraceae Reveal a Complex Network of Small Syntenic Segments and Major Chromosomal Rearrangements Genetics, August 1, 2006; 173(4): 2227 - 2235. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Shi and R. K. Dawe Partitioning of the Maize Epigenome by the Number of Methyl Groups on Histone H3 Lysines 9 and 27 Genetics, July 1, 2006; 173(3): 1571 - 1583. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. Neumann, A. Koblizkova, A. Navratilova, and J. Macas Significant Expansion of Vicia pannonica Genome Size Mediated by Amplification of a Single Type of Giant Retroelement Genetics, June 1, 2006; 173(2): 1047 - 1056. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. S.S. Ammiraju, M. Luo, J. L. Goicoechea, W. Wang, D. Kudrna, C. Mueller, J. Talag, H. Kim, N. B. Sisneros, B. Blackmon, et al. The Oryza bacterial artificial chromosome library resource: Construction and analysis of 12 deep-coverage large-insert BAC libraries that represent the 10 genome types of the genus Oryza Genome Res., January 1, 2006; 16(1): 140 - 147. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. P. Chan, G. Pertea, F. Cheung, D. Lee, L. Zheng, C. Whitelaw, A. C. Pontaroli, P. SanMiguel, Y. Yuan, J. Bennetzen, et al. The TIGR Maize Database Nucleic Acids Res., January 1, 2006; 34(suppl_1): D771 - D776. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. L. Kermicle A Selfish Gene Governing Pollen-Pistil Compatibility Confers Reproductive Isolation Between Maize Relatives Genetics, January 1, 2006; 172(1): 499 - 506. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 G. Haberer, S. Young, A. K. Bharti, H. Gundlach, C. Raymond, G. Fuks, E. Butler, R. A. Wing, S. Rounsley, B. Birren, et al. Structure and Architecture of the Maize Genome Plant Physiology, December 1, 2005; 139(4): 1612 - 1624. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Emberton, J. Ma, Y. Yuan, P. SanMiguel, and J. L. Bennetzen Gene enrichment in maize with hypomethylated partial restriction (HMPR) libraries Genome Res., October 1, 2005; 15(10): 1441 - 1446. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. Sunkar, T. Girke, and J.-K. Zhu Identification and characterization of endogenous small interfering RNAs from rice Nucleic Acids Res., August 2, 2005; 33(14): 4443 - 4454. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Lai, Y. Li, J. Messing, and H. K. Dooner From the Cover: Gene movement by Helitron transposons contributes to the haplotype variability of maize PNAS, June 21, 2005; 102(25): 9068 - 9073. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Z. Swigonova, J. L. Bennetzen, and J. Messing Structure and Evolution of the r/b Chromosomal Regions in Rice, Maize and Sorghum Genetics, February 1, 2005; 169(2): 891 - 906. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. L. BENNETZEN, J. MA, and K. M. DEVOS Mechanisms of Recent Genome Size Variation in Flowering Plants Ann. Bot., January 1, 2005; 95(1): 127 - 132. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. R. GREGORY The C-value Enigma in Plants and Animals: A Review of Parallels and an Appeal for Partnership Ann. Bot., January 1, 2005; 95(1): 133 - 146. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. S. Caldwell, P. Langridge, and W. Powell Comparative Sequence Analysis of the Region Harboring the Hardness Locus in Barley and Its Colinear Region in Rice Plant Physiology, October 1, 2004; 136(2): 3177 - 3190. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 Macroevolution, hierarchy theory, and the C-value enigma Paleobiology, June 1, 2004; 30(2): 179 - 202.
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. V. Vershinin, T. R. Allnutt, M. R. Knox, M. J. Ambrose, and T. H. N. Ellis Transposable Elements Reveal the Impact of Introgression, Rather than Transposition, in Pisum Diversity, Evolution, and Domestication Mol. Biol. Evol., December 1, 2003; 20(12): 2067 - 2075. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. J. Mroczek and R. K. Dawe Distribution of Retroelements in Centromeres and Neocentromeres of Maize Genetics, October 1, 2003; 165(2): 809 - 819. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Brunner, B. Keller, and C. Feuillet A Large Rearrangement Involving Genes and Low-Copy DNA Interrupts the Microcollinearity Between Rice and Barley at the Rph7 Locus Genetics, June 1, 2003; 164(2): 673 - 683. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. K. Kentner, M. L. Arnold, and S. R. Wessler Characterization of High-Copy-Number Retrotransposons From the Large Genomes of the Louisiana Iris Species and Their Use as Molecular Markers Genetics, June 1, 2003; 164(2): 685 - 697. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. Wicker, R. Guyot, N. Yahiaoui, and B. Keller CACTA Transposons in Triticeae. A Diverse Family of High-Copy Repetitive Elements Plant Physiology, May 1, 2003; 132(1): 52 - 63. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Garcia-Martinez and J. A. Martinez-Izquierdo Study on the Evolution of the Grande Retrotransposon in the Zea Genus Mol. Biol. Evol., May 1, 2003; 20(5): 831 - 841. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. J. Wheeler, S. A. Armstrong, V. E. Franklin-Tong, and F. C. H. Franklin Genomic organization of the Papaver rhoeas self-incompatibility S1 locus J. Exp. Bot., January 1, 2003; 54(380): 131 - 139. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
W. Ramakrishna, J. Emberton, M. Ogden, P. SanMiguel, and J. L. Bennetzen Structural Analysis of the Maize Rp1 Complex Reveals Numerous Sites and Unexpected Mechanisms of Local Rearrangement PLANT CELL, December 1, 2002; 14(12): 3213 - 3223. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. T. Morishige, K. L. Childs, L. D. Moore, and J. E. Mullet Targeted Analysis of Orthologous Phytochrome A Regions of the Sorghum, Maize, and Rice Genomes using Comparative Gene-Island Sequencing Plant Physiology, December 1, 2002; 130(4): 1614 - 1625. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
W. Ramakrishna, J. Dubcovsky, Y.-J. Park, C. Busso, J. Emberton, P. SanMiguel, and J. L. Bennetzen Different Types and Rates of Genome Evolution Detected by Comparative Sequence Analysis of Orthologous Segments From Four Cereal Genomes Genetics, November 1, 2002; 162(3): 1389 - 1400. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y. Yuan, P. J. SanMiguel, and J. L. Bennetzen Methylation-Spanning Linker Libraries Link Gene-Rich Regions and Identify Epigenetic Boundaries in Zea mays Genome Res., September 1, 2002; 12(9): 1345 - 1349. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. L. Bennetzen and W. Ramakrishna Exceptional haplotype variation in maize PNAS, July 9, 2002; 99(14): 9093 - 9095. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. Fu and H. K. Dooner From the Cover: Intraspecific violation of genetic colinearity and its implications in maize PNAS, July 9, 2002; 99(14): 9573 - 9578. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
W. Li and B. S. Gill The Colinearity of the Sh2/A1 Orthologous Region in Rice, Sorghum and Maize Is Interrupted and Accompanied by Genome Expansion in the Triticeae Genetics, March 1, 2002; 160(3): 1153 - 1162. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Dubcovsky, W. Ramakrishna, P. J. SanMiguel, C. S. Busso, L. Yan, B. A. Shiloff, and J. L. Bennetzen Comparative Sequence Analysis of Colinear Barley and Rice Bacterial Artificial Chromosomes Plant Physiology, March 1, 2001; 125(3): 1342 - 1353. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. A. Jackson, Z. Cheng, M. L. Wang, H. M. Goodman, and J. Jiang Comparative Fluorescence in Situ Hybridization Mapping of a 431-kb Arabidopsis thaliana Bacterial Artificial Chromosome Contig Reveals the Role of Chromosomal Duplications in the Expansion of the Brassica rapa Genome Genetics, October 1, 2000; 156(2): 833 - 838. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. H. Paterson, J. E. Bowers, M. D. Burow, X. Draye, C. G. Elsik, C.-X. Jiang, C. S. Katsar, T.-H. Lan, Y.-R. Lin, R. Ming, et al. Comparative Genomics of Plant Chromosomes PLANT CELL, September 1, 2000; 12(9): 1523 - 1540. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. L. Bennetzen Comparative Sequence Analysis of Plant Nuclear Genomes: Microcolinearity and Its Many Exceptions PLANT CELL, July 1, 2000; 12(7): 1021 - 1030. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. P. Tikhonov, P. J. SanMiguel, Y. Nakajima, N. M. Gorenstein, J. L. Bennetzen, and Z. Avramova Colinearity and its exceptions in orthologous adh regions of maize and sorghum PNAS, June 22, 1999; 96(13): 7409 - 7414. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. L. Durbin, A. L. Denton, and M. T. Clegg Dynamics of mobile element activity in chalcone synthase loci in the common morning glory (Ipomoea purpurea) PNAS, April 24, 2001; 98(9): 5084 - 5089. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. G. Peterson, S. R. Schulze, E. B. Sciara, S. A. Lee, J. E. Bowers, A. Nagel, N. Jiang, D. C. Tibbitts, S. R. Wessler, and A. H. Paterson Integration of Cot Analysis, DNA Cloning, and High-Throughput Sequencing Facilitates Genome Characterization and Gene Discovery Genome Res., May 1, 2002; 12(5): 795 - 807. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|