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Annals of Botany 89: 459-469, 2002
© 2002 Annals of Botany Company

Glandular Hairs of Sigesbeckia jorullensis Kunth (Asteraceae): Morphology, Histochemistry and Composition of Essential Oil

G. HEINRICH*,1, H. W. PFEIFHOFER1, E. STABENTHEINER1 and T. SAWIDIS2

1Institut für Pflanzenphysiologie der Universität Graz, Schubertstraße 51, A-8010 Graz, Austria and 2Department of Botany, University of Thessaloniki, GR-54006 Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece

* For correspondence. Fax 0043 316 380 9880, e-mail georg.heinrich{at}kfunigraz.ac.at

Received: 3 July 2001 Returned for revision: 14 September 2001; Accepted: 13 December 2001.

Long-stalked glandular hairs of outer and inner involucral bracts of Sigesbeckia jorullensis, which are important for epizoic fruit propagation, were investigated using light and scanning electron microscopy. The essential oil secreted by the hairs was analysed by chromatographic methods including gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and with a laser microprobe mass analyser. The glandular hairs consisted of a large multicellular stalk and a multicellular secreting head. The apical layer of glandular head cells was characterized by leucoplasts and calcium oxalate crystals. Below the apical cells there were up to six layers of cells containing many chloroplasts around the nucleus and surrounded by vacuoles filled with flavonoids and tannins. The essential oil originating in the head cells was secreted into the subcuticular space and may be liberated by rupture of the cuticle. It was mainly composed of sesqui- and diterpenes, with the sesquiterpene hydrocarbon germacrene-D as the main component. Monoterpenes, n-alkanes and their derivatives as well as flavonoid aglycones were also detected. The stickiness of the essential oil is probably associated with the high content of oxygenated sesqui- and diterpenes. In addition to long-stalked trichomes, small biseriate trichomes occurred, secreting small quantities of essential oil into a subcuticular space.

Key words: Sigesbeckia jorullensis Kunth, Asteraceae, glandular hairs, fruit propagation, histochemistry, morphology, essential oil, flavonoids, LM, SEM, GC-MS.


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