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Annals of Botany 89: 471-482, 2002
© 2002 Annals of Botany Company

Quantitative Analysis of Shoot Development and Branching Patterns in Actinidia

ALLA N. SELEZNYOVA*,1, T. GRANT THORP2, ANDREW M. BARNETT3 and EVELYNE COSTES4

1The Horticulture and Food Research Institute of New Zealand Ltd, Palmerston North Research Centre, Private Bag 11 030, Palmerston North, New Zealand, 2The Horticulture and Food Research Institute of New Zealand Ltd, Mt Albert Research Centre, Private Bag 92 169, Auckland, New Zealand, 3The Horticulture and Food Research Institute of New Zealand Ltd, Te Puke Research Centre, No. 1 Road, Te Puke, New Zealand and 4UMR BDPPC, Architecture et Fonctionnement des Espèces Fruitères, INRA, 2, place Viala, 34060 Montpellier Cedex 1, France

* For correspondence. Fax +64 6 354 6731, e-mail ASeleznyova{at}hortresearch.co.nz

Received: 11 October 2001; Returned for revision: 16 November 2001; Accepted: 3 January 2002.

We developed a framework for the quantitative description of Actinidia vine architecture, classifying shoots into three types (short, medium and long) corresponding to the modes of node number distribution and the presence/absence of neoformed nodes. Short and medium shoots were self-terminated and had only preformed nodes. Based on the cut-off point between their two modes of node number distribution, short shoots were defined as having nine or less nodes, and medium shoots as having more than nine nodes. Long shoots were non-terminated and had a number of neoformed nodes; the total number of nodes per shoot was up to 90. Branching patterns for each parent shoot type were represented by a succession of branching zones. Probabilities of different types of axillary production (latent bud, short, medium or long shoot) and the distributions of length for each branching zone were estimated from experimental data using hidden semi-Markov chain stochastic models. Branching was acrotonic on short and medium parent shoots, with most axillary shoots being located near the shoot tip. For long parent shoots, branching was mesotonic, with most long axillary shoots being located in the transition zone between the preformed and neoformed part of the parent shoot. Although the shoot classification is based on node number distribution there was a marked difference in average (per shoot) internode length between the shoot types, with mean values of 9, 27 and 47 mm for short, medium and long shoots, respectively. Bud and shoot development is discussed in terms of environmental controls.

Key words: Actinidia chinensis, kiwifruit, plant architecture, shoot types, node number, internode length, preformation, neoformation, modelling, hidden semi-Markov chain model.


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