Annals of Botany 89: 503-512, 2002
© 2002 Annals of Botany Company
Induced Systemic Resistance (ISR) Against Pathogens in the Context of Induced Plant Defences
1Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionelle et Evolutive (CEFE-CNRS, UPR 9056), 1919 Route de Mende, F-34293 Montpellier Cedex 5, France, 2Zoologie III, Biozentrum, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany and 3Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616, USA
* For correspondence: Max Planck Institute of Chemical Ecology, Beutenberg Campus, Winzerlaer Str. 10, D-07745 Jena, Germany. E-mail Heil_Martin{at}web.de
Received: 31 August 2001; Returned for revision: 9 November 2001; Accepted: 18 January 2002.
Induced systemic resistance (ISR) of plants against pathogens is a widespread phenomenon that has been intensively investigated with respect to the underlying signalling pathways as well as to its potential use in plant protection. Elicited by a local infection, plants respond with a salicylic-dependent signalling cascade that leads to the systemic expression of a broad spectrum and long-lasting disease resistance that is efficient against fungi, bacteria and viruses. Changes in cell wall composition, de novo production of pathogenesis-related-proteins such as chitinases and glucanases, and synthesis of phytoalexins are associated with resistance, although further defensive compounds are likely to exist but remain to be identified. In this Botanical Briefing we focus on interactions between ISR and induced resistance against herbivores that is mediated by jasmonic acid as a central signalling molecule. While many studies report cross-resistance, others have found trade-offs, i.e. inhibition of one resistance pathway by the other. Here we propose a framework that explains many of the thus far contradictory results. We regard elicitation separately from signalling and from production, i.e. the synthesis of defensive compounds. Interactions on all three levels can act independently from each other.
Key words: Cross-talk, induced defence, induced resistance, jasmonic acid, octadecanoid signalling, salicylic acid, systemic acquired resistance.
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