AOBPreview originally published online on September 4, 2002
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Annals of Botany 90: 499-507, 2002
© 2002 Annals of Botany Company
Impact of Oxygen Stress and Energy Availability on Membrane Stability of Plant Cells
1 Institut für Pflanzenwissenschaften, University of Bern, Altenbergrain 21, CH-3013 Bern, Switzerland
* For correspondence. E-mail roland.braendle{at}ips.unibe.ch
Received: 14 December 2001; Returned for revision: 5 February 2002; Accepted: 1 March 2002 Published electronically: 4 September 2002
This article reviews the relationship between the energy status of plant cells under O2 stress (e.g. waterlogging) and the maintenance of membrane intactness, using information largely derived from suspension cultures of anoxia-intolerant potato cells. Energy-related parameters measured were fermentation end-products (ethanol, lactate, alanine), respiratory rate, ATP, adenylate energy charge, nitrate reductase activity and biomass. ATP synthesis rates were calculated from the first four parameters. Reactive oxygen species were estimated from H2O2 and superoxide levels, and the enzymatic detoxification potential from the activity levels of catalase and superoxide dismutase. Structure-related parameters were total fatty acids, free fatty acids (FFAs), lipid hydroperoxides, total phospholipids, N-acylphosphatidylethanolamine (NAPE) and cell viability. The following issues are addressed in this review: (1) what is the impact of anoxia on membrane lipids and how does this relate to energy status; (2) does O2 per se play a role in these changes; (3) under which conditions and to what extent does lipid peroxidation occur upon re-aeration; and (4) can the effects of re-aeration be distinguished from those of anoxia? The emerging picture is a reappraisal of the relative contributions of anoxia and re-aeration. Two successive phases (pre-lytic and lytic) characterize potato cells under anoxia. They are connected by a threshold in ATP production rate, below which membrane lipids are hydrolysed to FFAs, and NAPE increases. Since lipid peroxidation occurs only when cells are reoxygenated during the lytic phase, its biological relevance in an already damaged system is questionable.
Key words: Acorus calamus L., energy shortage, free fatty acids, lipid peroxidation, lipolytic acyl hydrolase, lipoxygenase, membrane intactness, N-acylphosphatidylethanolamine, O2 stress, reactive oxygen species, Solanum tuberosum L.
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