AOBPreview originally published online on February 20, 2003
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Annals of Botany 91: 547-557, 2003
© 2003 Annals of Botany Company
Comparisons with Caenorhabditis (
100 Mb) and Drosophila (175 Mb) Using Flow Cytometry Show Genome Size in Arabidopsis to be 157 Mb and thus 25 % Larger than the Arabidopsis Genome Initiative Estimate of 125 Mb
1 Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3DS, UK, 2 Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-2474, USA and 3 Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-2474, USA
* For correspondence. Fax +44 (0)20 8332 5320, e-mail m.bennett{at}rbgkew.org.uk
Received: 29 November 2002; Returned for revision: 23 December 2002; Accepted 2 January 2003 Published electronically: 20 February 2003
Recent genome sequencing papers have given genome sizes of 180 Mb for Drosophila melanogaster Iso-1 and 125 Mb for Arabidopsis thaliana Columbia. The former agrees with early cytochemical estimates, but numerous cytometric estimates of around 170 Mb imply that a genome size of 125 Mb for arabidopsis is an underestimate. In this study, nuclei of species pairs were compared directly using flow cytometry. Co-run Columbia and Iso-1 female gave a 2C peak for arabidopsis only approx. 15 % below that for drosophila, and 16C endopolyploid Columbia nuclei had approx. 15 % more DNA than 2C chicken nuclei (with >2280 Mb). Caenorhabditis elegans Bristol N2 (genome size approx. 100 Mb) co-run with Columbia or Iso-1 gave a 2C peak for drosophila approx. 75 % above that for 2C C. elegans, and a 2C peak for arabidopsis approx. 57 % above that for C. elegans. This confirms that 1C in drosophila is approx. 175 Mb and, combined with other evidence, leads us to conclude that the genome size of arabidopsis is not approx. 125 Mb, but probably approx. 157 Mb. It is likely that the discrepancy represents extra repeated sequences in unsequenced gaps in heterochromatic regions. Complete sequencing of the arabidopsis genome until no gaps remain at telomeres, nucleolar organizing regions or centromeres is still needed to provide the first precise angiosperm C-value as a benchmark calibration standard for plant genomes, and to ensure that no genes have been missed in arabidopsis, especially in centromeric regions, which are clearly larger than once imagined.
Key words: DNA C-value, flow cytometry, genome size, Arabidopsis thaliana, Caenorhabditis elegans, Drosophila melanogaster.
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