AOBPreview originally published online on August 21, 2003
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Annals of Botany 92: 487-511, 2003
© 2003 Annals of Botany Company
REVIEW |
Calcium in Plants
1 Horticulture Research International, Wellesbourne, Warwick CV35 9EF, UK
* For correspondence. Fax 01789 470552, e-mail philip-j.white{at}hri.ac.uk
Received: 7 January 2003; Returned for revision: 26 March 2003; Accepted: 6 June 2003 Published electronically: 21 August 2003
Calcium is an essential plant nutrient. It is required for various structural roles in the cell wall and membranes, it is a counter-cation for inorganic and organic anions in the vacuole, and the cytosolic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]cyt) is an obligate intracellular messenger coordinating responses to numerous developmental cues and environmental challenges. This article provides an overview of the nutritional requirements of different plants for Ca, and how this impacts on natural flora and the Ca content of crops. It also reviews recent work on (a) the mechanisms of Ca2+ transport across cellular membranes, (b) understanding the origins and specificity of [Ca2+]cyt signals and (c) characterizing the cellular [Ca2+]cyt-sensors (such as calmodulin, calcineurin B-like proteins and calcium-dependent protein kinases) that allow plant cells to respond appropriately to [Ca2+]cyt signals.
Key words: Arabidopsis, ATPase, calcium (Ca2+), channel, cytosolic Ca2+, ecology, H+/Ca2+-antiport (CAX), kinase, phylogeny, plasma membrane, root, vacuole.
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