AOBPreview originally published online on April 21, 2004
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Annals of Botany 93: 691-697, 2004
© 2004 Annals of Botany Company
High Nuclear Genetic Diversity, High Levels of Outcrossing and Low Differentiation Among Remnant Populations of Quercus petraea at the Margin of its Range in Ireland
1 Institut für Tierzucht und Genetik, Veterinärmedizinische Universität Wien, Josef Baumann Gasse 1, 1210, Wien, Austria, 2 Department of Applied Plant Science, Queens University of Belfast, Newforge Lane, Belfast BT9 5PX, UK, 3 Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Bush Estate, Penicuik, Midlothian EH26 0QB, UK and 4 School of Life Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
* For correspondence. E-mail g.muir{at}i122server.vu-wien.ac.at
Received: 10 September 2003; Returned for revision: 14 October 2003; Accepted: 19 February 2004; Published electronically: 21 April 2004
Background and Aims Quercus petraea colonized Ireland after the last glaciation from refugia on mainland Europe. Deforestation, however, beginning in Neolithic times, has resulted in small, scattered forest fragments, now covering less than 12 000 ha.
Methods Plastid (three fragments) and microsatellite variation (13 loci) were characterized in seven Irish populations sampled along a northsouth gradient. Using Bayesian approaches and Wrights F-statistics, the effects of colonization and fragmentation on the genetic structure and mating patterns of extant oak populations were investigated.
Key Results All populations possessed cytotypes common to the Iberian Peninsula. Despite the distance from the refugial core and the extensive deforestation in Ireland, nuclear genetic variation was high and comparable to mainland Europe. Low population differentiation was observed within Ireland and populations showed no evidence for isolation by distance. As expected of a marker with an effective population size of one-quarter relative to the nuclear genome, plastid variation indicated higher differentiation. Individual inbreeding coefficients indicated high levels of outcrossing.
Conclusions Consistent with a large effective population size in the historical migrant gene pool and/or with high gene flow among populations, high within-population diversity and low population differentiation was observed within Ireland. It is proposed that native Q. petraea populations in Ireland share a common phylogeographic history and that the present genetic structure does not reflect founder effects.
Key words: Quercus petraea, microsatellites, plastid DNA, population differentiation, outbreeding.
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