AOBPreview originally published online on August 3, 2004
Annals of Botany 2004 94(3):353-363; doi:10.1093/aob/mch151
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Annals of Botany 94/3, © Annals of Botany Company 2004; all rights reserved
Genome Size Variation in Central European Species of Cirsium (Compositae) and their Natural Hybrids
1,*
1 Masaryk University, Faculty of Science, Department of Botany, Kotlá
ská 2, CZ-611 37 Brno, Czech Republic, 2 North-West Normal University, Department of Biology, Anning East Road 805, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu Province, China and 3 Charles University, Faculty of Science, Department of Botany, Benátská 2, CZ-128 01 Prague and Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences, Pr
honice, Czech Republic
* For correspondence. E-mail bures{at}sci.muni.cz
Received: 5 November 2003 Returned for revision: 6 April 2004 Accepted: 9 May 2004 Published electronically: 3 August 2004
• Background and Aims Nuclear DNA amounts of 12 diploid and one tetraploid taxa and 12 natural interspecific hybrids of Cirsium from 102 populations in the Czech Republic, Austria, Slovakia and Hungary were estimated.
• Methods DAPI and PI flow cytometry were used.
• Key Results 2C-values of diploid (2n = 34) species varied from 2·14 pg in C. heterophyllum to 3·60 pg in C. eriophorum (1·68-fold difference); the 2C value for the tetraploid C. vulgare was estimated at 5·54 pg. The DNA contents of hybrids were located between the values of their putative parents, although usually closer to the species with the smaller genome. Biennial species of Cirsium possessed larger nuclear DNA amounts than their perennial relatives. Genome size was negatively correlated with Ellenberg's indicator values for continentality and moisture and with eastern limits of distribution. A negative relationship was also detected between the genome size and the tendency to form natural interspecific hybrids. On the contrary, C-values positively corresponded with the spinyness (degree of spinosity). AT frequency ranged from 48·38 % in C. eriophorum to 51·75 % in C. arvense. Significant intraspecific DNA content variation in DAPI sessions was detected in C. acaule (probably due to the presence of B-chromosomes), and in tetraploid C. vulgare. Only the diploid level was confirmed for the Pannonian C. brachycephalum, generally considered to be tetraploid. In addition, triploidy was discovered for the first time in C. rivulare.
• Conclusions Considerable differences in nuclear DNA content exist among Central European species of Cirsium on the diploid level. Perennial soft spiny Cirsium species of wet habitats and continental distributions generally have smaller genomes. The hybrids of diploid species remain diploid, and their DNA content is smaller than the mean of the parents. Species with smaller genomes produce interspecific hybrids more frequently.
Key words: AT frequency, Asteraceae, base composition, C-value, DAPI, DNA content, Ellenberg's indicator values, flow cytometry, genome size, interspecific hybrids, propidium iodide, thistle
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