AOBPreview originally published online on August 15, 2005
Annals of Botany 2005 96(5):853-861; doi:10.1093/aob/mci237
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Phylogeographical Variation of Chloroplast DNA in Cork Oak (Quercus suber)
UMR5175, Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 1919 route de Mende, F-34293 Montpellier Cedex 05, France
* For correspondence. E-mail roselyne.lumaret{at}cefe.cnrs.fr
Received: 22 March 2005 Returned for revision: 26 April 2005 Accepted: 17 June 2005 Published electronically: 15 August 2005
Background and Aims In the last decades, the geographical location of the centre of origin of Quercus suber (cork oak), a strictly western Mediterranean oak species, has been the subject of controversy.
Methods RFLP variation over the whole chloroplast DNA molecule and PCRRFLPs over seven specific cpDNA fragments were analysed phylogeographically to reconstruct the evolutionary history of cork oak.
Key Results Nine chlorotypes of the suber cpDNA lineage were identified throughout the species range. Using closely related Mediterranean oak species as outgroup, the chlorotypes showed a clear phylogeographical pattern of three groups corresponding to potential glacial refuges in Italy, North Africa and Iberia. The most ancestral and recent groups were observed in populations located in the eastern and western parts of the species range, respectively. Several unrelated chlorotypes of the ilex cpDNA lineage were also identified in specific western areas.
Conclusions The results support a Middle-Eastern or a central Mediterranean origin for cork oak with subsequent westward colonization during the Tertiary Period, and suggest that the ilex chlorotype variation does not reflect entirely cytoplasmic introgression by Q. ilex but originated partly in Q. suber.
Key words: cpDNA RFLP and PCRRFLP variation, evergreen Mediterranean oaks, phylogeography, Quercus suber, Quercus ilex
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