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AOBPreview originally published online on April 13, 2006
Annals of Botany 2006 97(6):953-963; doi:10.1093/aob/mcl051
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David Lye. For the Canadian Food Inspection Agency and Health Canada, Government of Canada © Her Majesty The Queen in Right of Canada as represented by the Minister of Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada 1996

Charting the Isophasic Endophyte of Dwarf Mistletoe Arceuthobium douglasii (Viscaceae) in Host Apical Buds

DAVID LYE*

Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Centre for Plant Health, 8801 East Saanich Road, Sidney, BC, Canada V8L 1H3

* For correspondence. E-mail lyed{at}inspection.gc.ca or dlye{at}shaw.ca

Received: 25 October 2005    Returned for revision: 5 January 2006    Accepted: 31 January 2006    Published electronically: 13 April 2006

• Background and Aims Dwarf mistletoes (Arceuthobium; Viscaceae) are highly specialized dioecious angiosperms parasitic on many gymnosperm hosts in the northern hemisphere. Several dwarf mistletoe species are capable of inducing an unusual form of isophasic infection in which the internal (endophytic) system proliferates even into the apical buds of its hosts. Studies of the internal endophytic system have, for the most part, focused on the parasite within secondary host tissues. The present anatomical and ultrastructural study characterizes the growth pattern of the isophasic endophytic system of Arceuthobium douglasii within the dormant apical buds of Pseudotsuga menziesii.

• Methods Semi-thin serial sections from dwarf mistletoe-infected host apical buds were mounted, stained and micrographed. Graphic files were created from the serial micrographs and these files were stacked. These stacked files were utilized to describe the pattern of growth of the endophyte within the host tissue. The interface between cells of the mistletoe and host was also examined at the ultrastructural level by transmission electron microscopy.

• Key Results By utilizing a novel technique of superimposed graphics, the current study reveals an organized pattern of mistletoe distribution that penetrates further into host tissues than previously known. A consistent pattern of growth occurring even into the preformed leaves of the host is documented.

• Conclusions The apparently non-intrusive growth of the parasite appears to be developmentally synchronized with that of the host. No symplastic connections were observed in the ultrastructural examination of the parasite/host interface within the apical buds of Pseudotsuga menziesii parasitized by A. douglasii or of Pinus contorta parasitized by A. americanum.

Key words: Anatomy, Arceuthobium, British Columbia, dwarf mistletoe, Douglas fir, endophytic, isophasic, Viscaceae


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