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AOBPreview originally published online on May 4, 2006
Annals of Botany 2006 98(1):141-155; doi:10.1093/aob/mcl079
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© The Author 2006. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Annals of Botany Company. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

Phylogenetics of Papaver and Related Genera Based on DNA Sequences from ITS Nuclear Ribosomal DNA and Plastid trnL Intron and trnL–F Intergenic Spacers

JAMES C. CAROLAN1,*, INGRID L. I. HOOK2, MARK W. CHASE3, JOACHIM W. KADEREIT4 and TREVOR R. HODKINSON1

1 Department of Botany, School of Natural Sciences, and 2 Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, University of Dublin, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland, 3 Jodrell Laboratory, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3DS, UK and 4 Institut für Spezielle Botanik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, D-55099 Mainz, Germany

* For correspondence. Present address: School of Biological and Environmental Science, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland. E-mail james.carolan{at}ucd.ie

Received: 23 October 2005    Returned for revision: 6 January 2006    Accepted: 26 February 2006    Published electronically: 4 May 2006

• Background and Aims Representatives from Papaver, Roemeria, Stylomecon and Meconopsis were studied to elucidate phylogenetic relationships between Papaver and these closely allied genera.

• Methods Two molecular data sets were used individually and combined and included sequences from the internally transcribed spacer region (ITS) of 18S–26S nuclear ribosomal DNA and the trnL intron and the trnL–trnF intergenic spacer region of plastid DNA.

• Key Results Parsimony analysis demonstrated that the genus is not monophyletic unless the closely related Roemeria, Stylomecon and Meconopsis cambrica are included in a revised circumscription of Papaver. Three distinct clades are resolved in a combined ITS and trnL–F analysis. Clade 1 consists of Papaver sect. Meconella and Asian Meconopsis. Clade 2 contains a group here identified as Papaver s.s., comprising sections Carinatae, Meconidium, Oxytona, Papaver, Pilosa, Pseudopilosa and Rhoeadium. Clade 3 consists of Papaver sect. Argemonidium and Roemeria refracta. A number of diagnostic indels support these groupings. Within clade 2, sects. Papaver and Rhoeadium are either not monophyletic or lack evidence supporting their monophyly.

• Conclusions The results of this molecular analysis indicate that a number of morphological characters such as valvate capsule dehiscence, dark or light filaments and sessile stigmatic discs have arisen in parallel. The phylogenetic trees are incongruent with the existing taxonomy of Papaver, and a revised classification is suggested.

Key words: DNA, Meconopsis, nrITS, Papaver, phylogenetics, Roemeria, Stylomecon, trnL–F


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