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AOBPreview published online on May 9, 2003
Annals of Botany, doi:10.1093/aob/mcg110
© 2003 by Annals of Botany Company
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Submitted on January 15, 2003
Revised on February 27, 2003
Accepted on March 18, 2003

Light and Water-use Efficiencies of Pine Shoots Exposed to Elevated Carbon Dioxide and Temperature

KAI-YUN WANG1*, SEPPO KELLOMäKI2, CHUNYANG LI3, and TIANSHAN ZHA2

Affiliation of the authors: 1 Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, P.R. China; Centre of Excellence for Forest Ecosystem and Management, University of Joensuu, PO Box 111, FIN-80101 Joensuu, Finland; 2 Centre of Excellence for Forest Ecosystem and Management, University of Joensuu, PO Box 111, FIN-80101 Joensuu, Finland; 3 Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, P.R. China

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: kaiyun{at}joensuu.fi.

An automatic gas exchange system was used to continuously measure water and carbon fluxes of attached shoots of Scots pine trees (Pinus sylvestris L.) grown in environment-controlled chambers for a 3-year period (1998-2000) and exposed to either normal ambient conditions (CON), elevated CO2 (+350 µmol mol-1; EC), elevated temperature (+2-6 °C; ET) or a combination of EC and ET (ECT). EC treatment enhanced the mean daily total carbon flux per unit projected needle area (Fc.d) by 17-21 %, depending on the year. This corresponds to a 16-24 % increase in light-use efficiency (LUE) based on incident photosynthetically active radiation. The EC treatment reduced the mean daily total water flux (Fw.d) by 1-12 %, corresponding to a 13-35 % increase in water-use efficiency (WUE). The ET treatment increased Fc.d by 10-18 %, resulting in an 8-19 % increase in LUE, and Fw.d by 48-74 %, resulting in a reduction of WUE by 19-34 %. There was no interaction between CO2 and temperature elevation in connection with either carbon or water fluxes, as the carbon flux responded similarly in both ECT and EC, while the water flux in the ECT treatment was similar to that in ET. Regressions indicated that the increase in maximum LUE was greater with increasing air temperature, whereas changes in WUE were related only to high vapour pressure deficit. Furthermore, changes in LUE and WUE caused by ECT treatment displayed strong diurnal and seasonal variation.
Key words: Carbon flux, water flux, elevated CO2, elevated temperature, water-use efficiency, light-use efficiency, environment-controlled chamber, Pinus sylvestris, Scots pine.


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