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AOBPreview published online on November 16, 2004
Annals of Botany, doi:10.1093/aob/mci023
© 2004 by Annals of Botany Company
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Received March 15, 2004
Revised August 11, 2004
Accepted September 9, 2004

Article

Genetic Variability and Founder Effect in the Pitcher Plant Sarracenia purpurea (Sarraceniaceae) in Populations Introduced into Switzerland: from Inbreeding to Invasion

CHRISTIAN PARISOD 1*, CHARLOTTE TRIPPI 1, and NICOLE GALLAND 1

1 Department of Ecology and Evolution, Biology Building, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland

* To whom correspondence should be addressed.
CHRISTIAN PARISOD, E-mail: Christian.Parisod{at}unil.ch


  Abstract

• Background and Aims The long-lived and mainly outcrossing species Sarracenia purpurea has been introduced into Switzerland and become invasive. This creates the opportunity to study reactions to founder effect and how a species can circumvent deleterious effects of bottlenecks such as reduced genetic diversity, inbreeding and extinction through mutational meltdown, to emerge as a highly invasive plant.

• Methods A population genetic survey by random amplified polymorphism DNA markers (RAPD) together with historical insights and a field pollination experiment were carried out.

• Key Results At the regional scale, S. purpurea shows low structure ({theta}st = 0·072) due to a recent founder event and important subsequent growth. Nevertheless, multivariate statistical analyses reveal that, because of a bottleneck that shifted allele frequencies, most of the variability is independent among populations. In one population (Tenasses) the species has become invasive and genetic analysis reveals restricted gene flow and family structure ({theta}st = 0·287). Although inbreeding appears to be high (Fis > 0·410 from a Bayesian estimation), a field pollination experiment failed to detect significant inbreeding depression upon F1 seed number and seed weight fitness-traits. Furthermore, crosses between unrelated individuals produced F1 seeds with significantly reduced fitness, thus showing local outbreeding depression.

• Conclusions The results suggest that, under restricted gene flow among families, the species may not only have rapidly purged deleterious alleles, but also have undergone some form of selection for inbreeding due to co-adaptation between loci.

Keywords: Bottleneck, founder effect, introduced populations, Sarracenia purpurea, invasion, RAPD, multivariate analysis, field pollination, family structure, bi-parental purge, outbreeding depression.
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