Skip Navigation



AOBPreview published online on January 13, 2005
Annals of Botany, doi:10.1093/aob/mci062
This Article
Right arrow FREE Full Text (PDF) Freely available
Right arrow All Versions of this Article:
95/4/601    most recent
mci062v1
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Services
Right arrow Email this article to a friend
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in PubMed
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Add to My Personal Archive
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Right arrowRequest Permissions
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by JOHNSON, E. L.
Right arrow Articles by EMCHE, S. D.
Right arrow Search for Related Content
PubMed
Right arrow PubMed Citation
Right arrow Articles by JOHNSON, E. L.
Right arrow Articles by EMCHE, S. D.
Agricola
Right arrow Articles by JOHNSON, E. L.
Right arrow Articles by EMCHE, S. D.
Social Bookmarking
Add to CiteULike   Add to Connotea   Add to Del.icio.us  
What's this?

Annals of Botany © Annals of Botany Company 2005; all rights reserved
Received March 5, 2004
Revised September 23, 2004
Accepted November 15, 2004

Article

Inter- and Intra-specific Variation among Five Erythroxylum Taxa Assessed by AFLP

EMANUEL L. JOHNSON 1*, DAPENG ZHANG 1, and STEPHEN D. EMCHE 1

1 USDA ARS PSI ACSL, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, BARC-W, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA

* To whom correspondence should be addressed.
EMANUEL L. JOHNSON, E-mail: johnsone{at}ba.ars.usda.gov


  Abstract

• Background and Aims The four cultivated Erythroxylum taxa (E. coca var. coca, E. novogranatense var. novogranatense, E. coca var. ipadu and E. novogranatense var. truxillense) are indigenous to the Andean region of South America and have been cultivated for folk-medicine and, within the last century, for illicit cocaine production. The objective of this research was to assess the structure of genetic diversity within and among the four cultivated alkaloid-bearing taxa of Erythroxylum in the living collection at Beltsville Agricultural Research Center.

• Methods Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) fingerprinting was performed in 86 Erythroxylum accessions using a capillary genotyping system. Cluster analysis, multidimensional scaling (MDS) and analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) were used to assess the pattern and level of genetic variation among and within the taxa.

• Key Results A clear distinction was revealed between E. coca and E. novogranatense. At the intra-specific level, significant differentiation was observed between E. c. var. coca and E. c. var. ipadu, but the differentiation between E. n. var. novogranatense and E. n. var. truxillense was negligible. Erythroxylum c. var. ipadu had a significantly lower amount of diversity than the E. c. var. coca and is genetically different from the E. c. var. ipadu currently under cultivation in Colombia, South America.

• Conclusions There is a heterogeneous genetic structure among the cultivated Erythroxylum taxa where E. coca and E. novogranatense are two independent species. Erythroxylum coca var. coca is most likely the ancestral taxon of E. c. var. ipadu and a founder effect may have occurred as E. c. var. ipadu moved from the eastern Andes in Peru and Bolivia into the lowland Amazonian basin. There is an indication of artificial hybridization in coca grown in Colombia.

Keywords: Erythroxylum coca var. coca, Erythroxylum coca var. ipadu, Erythroxylum novogranatense var. novogranatense, Erythroxylum novogranatense var. truxillense, AFLP markers, genetic variation, cultivated coca, DNA fingerprinting, cocaine, tropical plants.
Add to CiteULike CiteULike   Add to Connotea Connotea   Add to Del.icio.us Del.icio.us    What's this?




Disclaimer: Please note that abstracts for content published before 1996 were created through digital scanning and may therefore not exactly replicate the text of the original print issues. All efforts have been made to ensure accuracy, but the Publisher will not be held responsible for any remaining inaccuracies. If you require any further clarification, please contact our Customer Services Department.